Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Leviticus 11:32)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:32:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if what has died falls on anything, that thing becomes unclean. It may be something made from wood, cloth, skin, sackcloth or any other thing. That thing is to be immersed in water but it is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When one of them dies any of their carcasses fall on anything, it will be unclean. Wood, cloth, leather, sackcloth, whatever it is used [lit.: prepared] for, it will be unclean until evening time. It must be dipped in water and only then will it be clean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Anything/[lit. Whatever thing] that their dead bodies fall-on will-be dirty/unclean, even also things that are-made from wood, cloth, leather, or sackcloth, and wherever it is-used. This must be-washed in water, but it is- still -considered unclean/dirty until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “When one of those creatures dies and falls on something, the thing that it falls on, whatever it is used for, will become defiled/unacceptable to me, whether it is made of wood or cloth or the hide of some animal or from rough cloth. You must put it in water. Then you must not use it until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:33)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:33:

  • Kupsabiny: “But if what has died falls on/in a (water) pot it makes everything inside the pot unclean. Therefore, that pot is to be broken.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If the carcass of any of these falls into a clay pot, everything in it will be unclean. And that clay pot must be completely broken to pieces.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If their dead bodies of the animal fall-into a clay- pot, everything that is inside of this will-become dirty/unclean, and this must be-broken/smashed.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “If one of them falls into a clay pot, everything in it becomes defiled, and you must break that pot into pieces.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:34)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:34:

  • Kupsabiny: “The water in that pot might be so full that when/if the water splashes to a nearby pot with water in it or any other thing that is drunk or eaten, that also becomes unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All that prepared food which was touched by the water that was in the clay pot [lit.: it] will also be unclean, and any liquid that is drunk from such a pot is unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Any food which water has-been-put-on which comes-from that clay-pot will-become dirty/unclean. And all the kinds of drinks which (are) there inside of a clay-pot will- also -be dirty/unclean.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “If you pour water from that pot on any food, you must not eat that food. And you must not drink any water from that pot.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:35)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:35:

  • Kupsabiny: “If one of those animals that have died falls on a cooking place or cooking pot, those things are to be destroyed because they are no longer clean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If such a carcass falls down on a clay oven or stove of any kind it will be unclean. It must be completely broken to pieces.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Anything that their dead bodies fall-on will-become dirty/unclean. If the place-that- (it) -falls-on (is) a wood-oven or a cooking-pot, you (plur.) are-to-consider this dirty/unclean and this must be-broken.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Anything that one of the carcasses of those creatures falls on becomes defiled/unacceptable to me; even if it falls on an oven or a cooking pot, anything that it falls on must be broken into pieces. It becomes unacceptable to me and you must not use it again.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:36)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:36:

  • Kupsabiny: “Even though it is like that, a spring of water or hole of water remain clean even if that animal fell into (them). But any person who touches those animals is unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “A spring or water reservoir [lit.: water gathering place] however, will be clean. Nevertheless, anyone who removes a carcass from there will be unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The spring or the wide hole which (is) a receptacle for water which has-fallen-upon their dead bodies remains clean, but whoever touches those dead animals will-become dirty/unclean.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “If one of their carcasses falls into a spring or a pit for storing water, the water may still be drunk, but anyone who touches one of those carcasses becomes unacceptable to me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:37)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:37:

  • Kupsabiny: “If the dead (animals) fall into/on seeds for planting, that seed is still clean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Also, if such a carcass falls on seed that has been kept for planting, the seed will continue to be clean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Any seeds which are-to-be-used-for-planting which fall-upon those will- also -remain clean,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “If one of those carcasses falls on seeds that are to be planted, those seeds are still acceptable to be planted.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:38)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:38:

  • Kupsabiny: “But if water has been poured on those seeds and a dead animal falls there, that seed is unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If this carcass falls [lit.: goes] down on seed that has been soaked in water, the seed will be unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “but if the seed falls-upon that-which has-been-soaked in water, this seed will-become dirty/unclean.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But if water has been put on the seeds and then a carcass falls on them, the seeds must be thrown away.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:39)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:39:

  • Kupsabiny: “If an animal that is (normally) eaten dies and a person touches it, that person is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If an animal which you can eat dies, whoever touches its carcass will be unclean until evening.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If an animal that may be eaten dies, whoever touches this considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-twilight/dusk.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If an animal whose meat you are permitted to eat dies, anyone who touches its carcass must not touch other people until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)