Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Leviticus 11:40)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:40:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if a person has eaten any portion of that dead animal, he must wash his clothes and that person remains unclean until sunset. Any person who has carried the dead animal needs to wash his clothes and that person is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “One who eats flesh of the animal’s carcass or carries the carcass away, must wash his clothes and he will be unclean until evening time.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Whoever/Anyone who gets/picks-up or eats its body he should wash his clothes, but consider him/her dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-twilight/dusk.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Anyone who eats some meat from that carcass must wash his clothes, and then he must not touch anyone until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:41)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:41:

  • Kupsabiny: “All animals that crawl on the ground are unclean. They must not be eaten.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “It is not OK to eat the flesh of any of the animals that go crawling on the ground are detestable.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-eat any of the animals that crawl for this is detestable/extremely-awful: whatever crawls by-means-of their belly or four legs or many legs.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘All creatures that scurry across the ground, including those that move on their bellies and those that crawl, are detestable, and they must not be eaten.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:42)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:42:

  • Kupsabiny: “Any animal that moves on the ground on the stomach, those that pull themselves along and have four legs or many legs must not be eaten.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All the animals that slither [lit.: go, being supported by [their] stomachs] or that go walking on the ground with four paws or with many more than four legs are detestable.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-eat any of the animals that crawl for this is detestable/extremely-awful: whatever crawls by-means-of their belly or four legs or many legs.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘All creatures that scurry across the ground, including those that move on their bellies and those that crawl, are detestable, and they must not be eaten.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:43)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:43:

  • Kupsabiny: “Do not spoil yourselves by eating (them) or even touch such animals so that it does not cause you to become unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Don’t even touch these [animals], otherwise you will be unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “[You (plur.)] do- not -let- yourself -get-dirty/become-unclean by eating any one of these animals, for I, the LORD, am your (plur.) God. So [you (plur.)] separate your (plur.) own self/(yourself) for me and [you (plur.)] live holy because I (am) holy.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Do not defile yourselves/cause you to become unacceptable to me by eating any of those creatures.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:44)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:44:

  • Kupsabiny: “I am your God. You must be clean/holy because I am clean/holy. Do not spoil yourselves by eating or even touching any animal that pulls itself on the ground.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I am the LORD your God. You must keep yourselves consecrate and be holy because I am holy. Do not become unclean through any animal that goes crawling on the ground.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “[You (plur.)] do- not -let- yourself -get-dirty/become-unclean by eating any one of these animals, for I, the LORD, am your (plur.) God. So [you (plur.)] separate your (plur.) own self/(yourself) for me and [you (plur.)] live holy because I (am) holy.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “I am Yahweh your God, and I am holy, so you must consecrate yourselves and be holy. You must avoid eating things that cause you to be unacceptable to me. Do not cause yourselves to become unacceptable to me by eating creatures that scurry across the ground.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:45)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:45:

  • Kupsabiny: “I am the God who brought you out from the country of Egypt so that I could be your God. So, you be clean because I am clean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “For I am the LORD who brought you out of Egypt to be your God. So you must be holy, for I am holy.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I am the LORD who brought- you (plur.) -out of Egipto in-order-to be your (plur.) God. So/Therefore [you (plur.)] live holy for I (am) holy.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “I am Yahweh, the one who freed you from being slaves in Egypt, in order to be your God. Therefore, because I am holy, you must be holy.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:46)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:46:

  • Kupsabiny: “So these are the laws about animals, birds, everything that lives in water and everything that pulls itself along the ground.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’ This is the regulations concerning all living beings, [those] animals, birds, and living creature that live in the waters and everything that crawls on the ground. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Through these regulations/instructions concerning all kinds of animals,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “’Those are the regulations concerning animals and birds, all the living creatures that live in water or scurry across the ground.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:47)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:47:

  • Kupsabiny: “You must know that clean and unclean things are not the same and those that you can eat and those that cannot be eaten (are not the same).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “You must distinguish living creatures that are clean and that are unclean, that are OK to eat and that are not OK to eat.’"” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “you (plur.) will-know which of them (are) the clean (ones) and the dirty/unclean (ones), the-(ones-that) may be-eaten and the-(ones-that) may not be-eaten.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You must learn what things I say are acceptable to me and what things are not, and learn what things you are permitted to eat and what things you are not permitted to eat.’’” (Source: Translation for Translators)