Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Leviticus 11:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:24:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a person has touched an animal, bird or unclean insect that has died, that person is unclean until evening/sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “From these you will become unclean. Whoever touches these carcasses will be unclean until evening time.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that their hooves do-not-have splitting and does-not chew again their cud/food/what-they-ate. You (plur.) are- also not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that have four legs which have paws which (are) used-for-scratching. You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals dirty/unclean. Whoever happens-to-touch their dead bodies, he/she should wash his/her garment/clothes, but he/she still is-to-be-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘There are certain creatures that if you touch their carcasses you will become defiled. Anyone who touches their carcasses must not touch other people until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:25)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:25:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if a person has touched (them), he must wash his clothes but that person is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Whoever carries these carcasses, he/she must wash his/her clothes and he/she will be unclean until evening time.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that their hooves do-not-have splitting and does-not chew again their cud/food/what-they-ate. You (plur.) are- also not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that have four legs which have paws which (are) used-for-scratching. You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals dirty/unclean. Whoever happens-to-touch their dead bodies, he/she should wash his/her garment/clothes, but he/she still is-to-be-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Anyone who picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and not touch other people until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:26)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:26:

  • Kupsabiny: “Any animal whose hoofs are not completely divided or that does not chew the cud that one is not clean. If any person has touched that animal, that person becomes unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Animals that are not clearly cloven [-hoofed], [or] that do not chew the cud are all unclean for you. If you touch the carcass of them, you will be defiled” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that their hooves do-not-have splitting and does-not chew again their cud/food/what-they-ate. You (plur.) are- also not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that have four legs which have paws which (are) used-for-scratching. You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals dirty/unclean. Whoever happens-to-touch their dead bodies, he/she should wash his/her garment/clothes, but he/she still is-to-be-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘The animals whose carcasses you must not touch are those that have hooves that are not completely divided or animals that do not chew their cuds. Anyone who touches the carcasses of any of those animals becomes defiled/unacceptable to me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:27)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:27:

  • Kupsabiny: “Any animal that has four legs and has paws is unclean. If a person has touched that animal when it has died that person is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Among all the animals that walk on all fours, those that walk on their paws are unclean for you; whoever touches their carcasses will be unclean till evening.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that their hooves do-not-have splitting and does-not chew again their cud/food/what-they-ate. You (plur.) are- also not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that have four legs which have paws which (are) used-for-scratching. You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals dirty/unclean. Whoever happens-to-touch their dead bodies, he/she should wash his/her garment/clothes, but he/she still is-to-be-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “From all the animals that walk on the ground, you must not touch the carcasses of those that have paws to walk on. Anyone who touches one of their carcasses must not touch other people until that evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:28)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:28:

  • Kupsabiny: “Any person who has carried that animal which has died must wash his clothes but that person is unclean until sunset. It is like that because that animal is unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The ones who carries their carcasses must wash their clothes, and [they] will be unclean until evening time. All of them are unclean for you.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are- not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that their hooves do-not-have splitting and does-not chew again their cud/food/what-they-ate. You (plur.) are- also not -to-touch the dead bodies of the animals that have four legs which have paws which (are) used-for-scratching. You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals dirty/unclean. Whoever happens-to-touch their dead bodies, he/she should wash his/her garment/clothes, but he/she still is-to-be-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Anyone who picks up one of their carcasses must wash his clothes and not touch other people until that evening, because touching their carcasses defiles you/causes you to become unacceptable to me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:29)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:29:

  • Kupsabiny: “Other animals that walk on the ground and are not clean are: voles, rats and big lizards of various kinds,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All [those] that creep on the ground, such as the gecko, the mouse, the lizard [and] the badger are unclean for you.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals that crawl dirty/unclean just-like rats, mice, geckos, house-lizard, monitor lizards, crocodile/alligator, sand-lizards, and the chameleon. Whoever touches their dead bodies is-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘From all the animals that walk on the ground, these are the ones that defile you/cause you to become unacceptable to me if you touch them: Moles, rats, any kind of lizard,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:30)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:30:

  • Kupsabiny: “geckos, all other lizards and chameleons.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All [those] that creep on the ground, such as the gecko, the mouse, the lizard [and] the badger are unclean for you.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals that crawl dirty/unclean just-like rats, mice, geckos, house-lizard, monitor lizards, crocodile/alligator, sand-lizards, and the chameleon. Whoever touches their dead bodies is-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “geckos, skinks, and chameleons.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 11:31)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 11:31:

  • Kupsabiny: “Those animals are unclean as far as you are concerned. If a person has touched those animals even if they are dead, he must wash his clothes but he is unclean until sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Among all those that move along the ground, these are unclean for you. Whoever touches [any of] these or their carcasses, will be unclean until evening time.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) are-to-consider these animals that crawl dirty/unclean just-like rats, mice, geckos, house-lizard, monitor lizards, crocodile/alligator, sand-lizards, and the chameleon. Whoever touches their dead bodies is-considered dirty/unclean until (it) becomes-dusk/twilight.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Those creatures that scurry across the ground defile you/cause you to become unacceptable to me; anyone who touches one of their carcasses must not touch other people until the evening.” (Source: Translation for Translators)