leprosy, leprous

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The Greek and Hebrew terms that are often translated as “leprosy (or: defiling/skin disease)” or “leprous (person)” in English is translated in Mairasi as “the bad sickness,” since “leprosy is very common in the Mairasi area” (source: Enggavoter 2004).

Following are various other translations:

  • Shilluk: “disease of animals”
  • San Mateo Del Mar Huave: “devil sore” (this and the above are indigenous expressions)
  • Inupiaq: “decaying sores”
  • Kaqchikel: “skin-rotting disease” (source for this and three above: Eugene Nida in The Bible Translator 1960, p. 34f. )
  • Noongar: “bad skin disease” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Usila Chinantec “sickness like mal de pinta” (a skin disease involving discoloration by loss of pigment) (source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Hiligaynon: “dangerous skin disease” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “fearful skin disease” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “terrible rotting” (source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Newari: “infectious skin disease” (source: Newari Back Translation)

Targumim (or: Targums) are translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic. They were translated and used when Jewish congregations increasingly could not understand the biblical Hebrew anymore. Targum Onqelos (also: Onkelos) is the name of the Aramaic translation of the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) probably composed in Israel/Palestine in the 1st or 2nd century CE and later edited in Babylon in the 4th or 5th century, making it reflect Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. It is the most famous Aramaic translation and was widely used throughout the Jewish communities. In Leviticus 13 and 14 it translates tzaraat as a “quarantining affliction” — focusing “on what occurs to individuals after they suffer the affliction; the person is isolated from the community.” (Source: Israel Drazin in this article ). Similarly, the English Jewish Orthodox ArtScroll Tanach translation (publ. 2011) transliterates it as tzaraat affliction.

See also stricken and leprosy healed.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Leprosy (Word Study) and Bible Translations Are for People .

complete verse (Leviticus 14:54)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 14:54:

  • Kupsabiny: “These are the laws about a serious wound, scabies,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “These are the regulations for All kinds of contagious skin disease, itching disease” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Those are the regulations/rules concerning the dangerous diseases on the skin which itch, or swell, or break-out-in-a-rash, or whiten/blister, and concerning the mildew on clothes and mold in a house. And through those regulations/[lit. what-is-to-be-followed], you (plur.) are-to-know/determine what (is) clean and dirty/unclean.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘Those are the regulations for contagious diseases, for itching sores,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Leviticus 14:54

This is the law: again, a collective singular. Another way of translating is “These are the regulations (or, instructions).” See 6.2 and 11.46-47.

For any leprous disease: this is taken in Revised Standard Version (and New Jerusalem Bible) as a kind of title or cover term for all the various problems listed here and in the following verses. Other versions take it as the first term in the list. If it is taken as a cover term, a very general expression will be needed to include all of what follows. However, it is probably better to take it as the first word in the list.

Quoted with permission from Péter-Contesse, René and Ellington, John. A Handbook on Leviticus. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1990. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .