leprosy, leprous

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The Greek and Hebrew terms that are often translated as “leprosy (or: defiling/skin disease)” or “leprous (person)” in English is translated in Mairasi as “the bad sickness,” since “leprosy is very common in the Mairasi area” (source: Enggavoter 2004).

Following are various other translations:

  • Shilluk: “disease of animals”
  • San Mateo Del Mar Huave: “devil sore” (this and the above are indigenous expressions)
  • Inupiaq: “decaying sores”
  • Kaqchikel: “skin-rotting disease” (source for this and three above: Eugene Nida in The Bible Translator 1960, p. 34f. )
  • Noongar: “bad skin disease” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang)
  • Usila Chinantec “sickness like mal de pinta” (a skin disease involving discoloration by loss of pigment) (source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
  • Hiligaynon: “dangerous skin disease” (source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “fearful skin disease” (source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “terrible rotting” (source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Newari: “infectious skin disease” (source: Newari Back Translation)

Targumim (or: Targums) are translations of the Hebrew Bible into Aramaic. They were translated and used when Jewish congregations increasingly could not understand the biblical Hebrew anymore. Targum Onqelos (also: Onkelos) is the name of the Aramaic translation of the Torah (the first five books of the Hebrew Bible) probably composed in Israel/Palestine in the 1st or 2nd century CE and later edited in Babylon in the 4th or 5th century, making it reflect Jewish Babylonian Aramaic. It is the most famous Aramaic translation and was widely used throughout the Jewish communities. In Leviticus 13 and 14 it translates tzaraat as a “quarantining affliction” — focusing “on what occurs to individuals after they suffer the affliction; the person is isolated from the community.” (Source: Israel Drazin in this article ). Similarly, the English Jewish Orthodox ArtScroll Tanach translation (publ. 2011) transliterates it as tzaraat affliction.

See also stricken and leprosy healed.

Learn more on Bible Odyssey: Leprosy (Word Study) and Bible Translations Are for People .

complete verse (Leviticus 14:55)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 14:55:

  • Kupsabiny: “mold that has attacked clothes or a house,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “leprous infestation that appears in a house, mold that comes in clothing,” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Those are the regulations/rules concerning the dangerous diseases on the skin which itch, or swell, or break-out-in-a-rash, or whiten/blister, and concerning the mildew on clothes and mold in a house. And through those regulations/[lit. what-is-to-be-followed], you (plur.) are-to-know/determine what (is) clean and dirty/unclean.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “for mildew on clothes or in a house,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Leviticus 14:55 - 14:56

Good News Translation reorders the terms in the list and groups them logically so that all the human skin diseases come first. These are followed by the two types of mildew problems (in clothing and in houses).

Swelling: see 13.9-17.

An eruption or a spot: see 13.3-8.

Quoted with permission from Péter-Contesse, René and Ellington, John. A Handbook on Leviticus. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 1990. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .