The Hebrew in Job 33:6 that typically is translated as “formed from a piece of clay” or similar in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “pinched from clay,” “a figure for creating a human in the ancient Semitic world.”
juice of mallows (Job 6:6)
The Hebrew in Job 6:6 that typically is translated as “juice of mallows” or similar in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “juice of chubeza .” Greenstein (p. 27) explains: “A Middle Eastern herb, lacking in taste. The Hebrew word (read halamit) is known from ancient Syria (Alalakh). The term for ‘taste’ is polysemous, denoting ‘reason’ as well; see also Job 12:11 and Job 34:3. Job is telling Eliphaz that his argument is lacking in reason and that he will have none of it.”
hard service (Job 7:1)
The Hebrew in Job 7:1 that typically is translated as “hard service” or similar in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “fixed sentence.”
See Isaiah 40:2.
what their ancestors have found (Job 8:8)
stretch out your hands toward him (Job 11:13)
The Hebrew in Job 11:1^3 that typically is translated as “stretch out your hands toward him” or similar in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “raise your palms in prayer.”
you put my feet in the stocks (Job 13:27)
The Hebrew in Job 13:27 that typically is translated as “you put my feet in the stocks” or similar in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “and mark my feet with lime.” Greenstein (p. 59) explains: “Reading be-sid for ba-sad ‘in stocks,’ which makes no sense: fettered feet cannot go anywhere, so they cannot be followed. Job develops the same point in 14:16.”
See also stocks.
bag (Job 14:17)
The Hebrew in Job 14:17 that typically is translated as “bag” in English is translated in the English translation by E.L. Greenstein (2019) as “pouch.” Greenstein explains (p. 62): “If the evidencer aggawqinst Job is kept in aw pouch — asw was the ancient practive preceding a trial — Job cannot be convicted. For the image, compare Job 7:1 that typically is translated as “hard service” or similar in English is translated in the English[/tip_languaghttps://old-tips.translation.bible/tip_verse/hos-1312/”>Hosea 13:12.
orphan
The Hebrew, Latin and Greek that is translated as “orphan” in English is translated in Enlhet as “those who are gone past” (source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 24ff. ) and in Newari as “ones not having mother-father” (source: Newari Back Translation).
E.L. Greenstein (2019, p. 108) notes that, particularly in reference to Job 24:9 where the child is being nursed, that the Hebrew term “has the narrower meaning of “fatherless.”
See also orphaned.