Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 22:20)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:20:

  • Kupsabiny: “And any person who makes a sacrifice to an idol should be destroyed.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If anyone sacrifices to any other gods than The Lord must be destroyed.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘Anyone who offers/sacrifices to another god aside-from me should be- completely -destroyed.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘You (pl.) must make offerings to the Chief alone. Whoever kills an animal to be for an offering to any other god, you must strike him dead and destroy his things.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “one who give thing on altar for god other who not be Yahweh, he must die.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You must offer sacrifices only to Yahweh. You must execute anyone who offers a sacrifice to any other god.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:21:

  • Kupsabiny: “Don’t hate/persecute a foreigner. You (plur.) should know that you (plur.) were once foreigners in Egypt.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Do not mistreat a foreigner or oppress him, for you had been foreigner in Egypt.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘[You (plur.)] do- not -oppress the foreigners for you (plur.) (were) also foreigners at-that-time/long-ago in Egipto.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If a man from another area is living in your midst, you (pl.) can’t/mustn’t do anything bad to him. Don’t deal harshly (lit. heavily) with him either, because before, you were people from another area who were living in Isip.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Foreigner who come live amongst you, not (imp.) him evil do, because you before be foreigners in Egypt.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You must not mistreat a foreigner who comes to live among you. Do not forget that you were previously foreigners in Egypt.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:22:

  • Kupsabiny: “Don’t cause suffering to a widow or an orphan.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Do not take advantage of a widow or an orphan.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘[You (plur.)] do- not -take-advantage-of the female-widows and the orphans.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘You (pl.) can’t/mustn’t do bad to widows and orphans.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Widow and orphan, not (imp.) them evil do.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You must not mistreat any widow or any orphan.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:23:

  • Kupsabiny: “If you cause suffering to those children, and (they) cry to me God, I will hear their cry and help them.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If you do so and they cry to me for my help; I will surely hear their cry.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If you (plur.) do this, and they ask-for help from me, I will- surely -help them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “If you (pl.) do like that, and they desperately cry to me to help them, I’m going to listen to their cry.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If you will do them evil, if they will call me, I will hear weeping their,” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If you mistreat them and they cry out to me for help, I will hear them.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:24:

  • Kupsabiny: “I will be annoyed/angry with you (plur.) and push you to be killed in war. Your wives will become widows and your children become orphans.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “My anger will be aroused, and I will kill you with the sword. Your wives will become widow and your children fatherless.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I will- become -angry with you (plur.) and I will-kill you (plur.) in war. Your (plur.) wives will-become-widows and your (plur.) children will-become-orphans.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “[When] it’s like that then I will be angry and so send your enemies in order that they come and strike you dead. [When] it’s like that then your spouses will remain as widows and your children will be orphans.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “and I will be angry for you, will make you die in war. So, your wife will be widow, and children your will be orphans.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “And I will be angry with you, and I will cause you to be killed in a war. Your wives will become widows, and your children will no longer have fathers.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:25)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:25:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a person loans out money to any fellow person (of the same house) and that person is weak/poor, he should not pile up/add much interest as (professional) money-lenders do.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If you lend money to one of my people among you who is needy, do not be like a moneylender, charge him no interest.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘If you (plur.) lend money to any of my people who are poor, you (plur.) should- not -have-(them)-pay-interest like what the ones-who-lend money do.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If some of my people in your midst don’t have enough things and so they borrow your money, you (pl.) can’t/mustn’t say for them to pay back their debt to you together with its extension/extra as the market people are doing.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “My one who be poor, if you will give him money that he might borrow it, you (sing., imp.) not (imp.) him say that it must give birth as they who they borrow money from do.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If you lend money to any of my people who are poor, do not act like a moneylender and require him to pay interest on the money.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:26)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:26:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a person received clothes as surety for a loan, return his clothes before sunset.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If you take your neighbor’s cloak as a pledge, return it to him by sunset.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If you (plur.) take the cover/cloak-for-the-back/cape of your (plur.) fellowmen as a guarantee that he is-to-pay his debt to you (sing.), return this to him before the sun sets.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “If your (sing.) fellow companion gives his long robe (lit. covering) to stay with you to be a sign of his debt to you, before the sun sets, you must bring that covering of his to return back to him.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If he give [temporarily] you cover-cloth which substitutes money which he borrow, if sun not still set on that day, you (sing., imp.) return for him it,” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If he gives you his cloak to guarantee that he will pay the money back, you must give the cloak back to him before the sun goes down,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:27)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:27:

  • Kupsabiny: “Do like that because that is the only clothes he has for covering himself at night. Hey! You want him to cover himself with what? If you don’t do like that and he cries to me, I will come to his aid because I am a merciful God.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Because he has nothing to cover his body besides this cloak. What else will he sleep in? When he cries out to me, I will hear for I am compassionate.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “For this is his only covering to his body when he sleeps at-night. If he asks-for help from me, I will-help him/her for I am compassionate/(merciful).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “For he doesn’t have anything else to cover his body. And when it sleeps, what will he cover himself with? Therefore if he cries to me, then I’m going to listen to his cry. Because all the time, I have compassion (lit. a wounded interior) on people like that.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “because be his cover-cloth, he lacks clothes other [with] which he might cover, there is no clothes other [by] which he might sleep. Therefore, if he will call me, my heart will be bad concerning him.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “because he needs it to keep him warm during the night. That is the only covering that poor people have when they sleep at night./What else will he cover himself with during the night? If you do not act mercifully toward him by returning his cloak, when he cries out to me asking for my help, I will help him, because I always act mercifully.” (Source: Translation for Translators)