Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 22:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:12:

  • Kupsabiny: “But if he becomes irresponsible so it is stolen, then that person should pay back/compensate the man’s property.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “But if the animal or property has been stolen, the neighbor caring for it must repay the owner.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But if the animal was-stolen, the one who-took-care must pay the owner.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But if that companion of the animal’s owner wasn’t watching over the animal well, and so a man of stealing ran off with it, then that companion of his will make payment to the animal’s owner.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “But, if be him that steal it, he must give its owner it.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “But if the animal was stolen while he was supposed to be taking care of it, the man who promised to take care of it must pay back the owner for the animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:13:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But if it is eaten by a wild animal, he should take the remaining part as evidence. But he should not compensate what was eaten by the animal.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If it was attacked by some wild animal, he shall bring the torn carcass to confirm the fact and shall not be required to make restitution.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If the animal was killed by a cruel/(wild) animal, he must bring the remaining parts of the animal as evidence, and he will- not -have- to -pay for-it.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And if a wild animal strikes a tame animal so that it dies, that man will bring a piece of the animal to go and show to the animal’s owner, and so he won’t make payment to the animal’s owner.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If it was wild animals that kill it, he must take [this direction] that which shows it. Let him not (imp.) it give.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If he says that the animal was killed by wild animals, he must bring back the remains of the animal that was killed and show it to the animal’s owner. If he does that, he will not have to pay anything for the animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:14:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if someone begs for an animal from his neighbor and after that, that animal is wounded or dies and the owner is not there, he should compensate (it).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If a man borrows an animal from his neighbor and it is injured or dies while the owner is not present, he must make restitution.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘For-example, a man borrows an animal from his neighbor, and this gets-hurt/wounded or dies, and the owner was-not there when this happened. The one who-borrowed must pay for-it.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If a man borrows his fellow companion’s tame animal and so makes payment to him in advance for however many days, but something happens to that animal, or it dies, and the animal’s owner didn’t see it, the man who borrowed the animal must bring the full payment to the owner of the animal.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If a man will entreat a man his animal for work, and animal die or be bad some part for its owner be absent, one who took it, he must give it all.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If someone borrows an animal, and if that animal is hurt or dies when its owner is not there, the one who borrowed it must pay the owner for the animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:15:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But if the owner was present, he will not compensate anything. And/But if he had actually given out something as surety, then that (surety) will end with the animal (payment already done by way of surety).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If it happens before the owner, the borrower will not have to pay. If the animal was hired, the money paid for the hire covers the loss.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But if the owner is there when-(it)-happened, the one who borrowed does- not -have-to-pay. If the animal was-hired/rented, the money paid for the hire/rent will-be the-payment for-the wounded or the dead animal.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But if the animal’s owner saw that bad thing which happened to the animal, the man who borrowed the animal won’t make payment to the animal’s owner. For that small amount of money which he gave to him in advance, that’s enough.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If animal die or be bad some part for its owner sits, one who took it, let him not (imp.) it give. If he rent it with money, money of its renting be sufficient [for] its giving.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “But if that happens when the owner of the animal is there, the one who borrowed it will not have to pay back anything. If the man who borrowed it only rented it, the money that he paid to rent it will be enough to pay for the animal dying or being injured.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:16:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man deceives a girl who is still a virgin until (he) sleeps with (her), he should marry (her) and pay dowry.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If a man seduces a girl who is not engaged to anyone, and sleeps with her, he must pay the bribe price and he is to marry her.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘If a man has-seduced a young-lady who is- not yet -pledged-to-be-married/not-engaged, and he had-sexual-relations with her, the man must pay to the family of the woman the payment for taking-a-wife, and then he is-to-marry the woman.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “God spoke again like this, ‘If a man puts pressure on a young woman who hasn’t slept with anyone yet, and they haven’t chosen that woman in advance for marrying anyone else, but that man sleeps with her, he must bring bride-wealth objects to that woman’s father. And when it’s done, then he will marry her.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “«If a man seduce maiden, and they lay with her, let him give father money he must have her as his wife.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If a man persuades a girl/woman to have sex with him, a girl/woman who is a virgin/has never had sex with any man and who is not engaged to be married, he must pay the bride price for her and marry her.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:17:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But if the father of the girl refuses that man to marry his daughter, that man will still give money which is equivalent to the dowry of a girl who is still a virgin.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If her father refused to give her to him, he must pay the bribe price (for virgins).” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If the father of the woman will- absolutely not -allow- his child/(daughter) -to-marry to that man, the man should- still -pay the (bride)-price.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But if the woman’s father doesn’t want that man to marry his daughter, then the two of them won’t marry, but that man must bring the bride-wealth objects to the woman’s father.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If father will reject him let him not (imp.) her buy, one who lay with her, let him give money which be the same with money of her buying.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “But if her father refuses to allow her to marry him, he must pay to the woman’s father the amount of money that is equal to the amount of bride price money that men pay for virgins.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:18:

  • Kupsabiny: “A woman who is a sorcerer should be killed.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’Do not allow a sorceress to live.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘[You (plur.)] kill/put-to-death the sorceresses.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If any woman practices magic, you (pl.) must strike her dead.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “tassel-hitter (fem.), let her not (imp.) live.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You must execute any woman who practices sorcery/is a shaman.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 22:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 22:19:

  • Kupsabiny: “A person who sexually abuses an animal deserves to be killed.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Anyone having sexual relationship with an animal must be put to death.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘Anyone who has sexual-relations with an animal should be-killed/put-to-death.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If anyone sleeps with an animal, you (pl.) must strike him dead.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “one who copulates [with] animal, let them kill him.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You must execute any person who has sex with an animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)