Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Leviticus 20:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:15:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man has sex with an animal, the man and the animal are to be killed.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’If anyone, man or woman, has intercourse with an animal, he/she must be killed. Along with [them], the animal must also be killed. Such a person is guilty of a great crime. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man or woman has-sexual-relations-together with an animal, he and the animal must be-killed/be-put-to-death. They (are) responsible for their (own) death.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If a man has sex with an animal, he must be executed, and you must also kill that animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:16:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if a woman turns herself to an animal and they mate, kill that woman and the animal because they brought it on themselves.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’If anyone, man or woman, has intercourse with an animal, he/she must be killed. Along with [them], the animal must also be killed. Such a person is guilty of a great crime. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man or woman has-sexual-relations-together with an animal, he and the animal must be-killed/be-put-to-death. They (are) responsible for their (own) death.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘Similarly, if a woman has sex with an animal, both the woman and that animal must be killed ; they are responsible for their own deaths.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:17:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man marries his sister who is related to him from the same mother or from another house (second wife of the father) it is a sexual sin. Both of them break away (be cut off) while people are looking. Those words/things happen to that man because he has passed through the thighs of his sister.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’If anyone marries his elder or younger sister, the daughter of his father or mother, and has intercourse, it is a shameful deed. They must be expelled from their own people. He has done a shameful thing to his younger sister. And he will be guilty. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man marries (his sister) and lies-down-beside/(has-sexual-relations-with) his female sibling/(sister), even-though she (is) also his sibling/(sister) from his father or his mother, he has-put- his sibling/(sister) -to-shame so he is-to-answer-for (this). And because of what the two of them have-done brings-shame, you (plur.) are- no-longer -to-consider them a member of you (plur.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If a man marries his sister, the daughter of either his mother or his father, and they have sex together, that is disgraceful. They must not be allowed to continue to associate with my people. And because he has disgraced his sister, he must be punished.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:18:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man has slept with a woman in her days of the month (her period), both of them shall break off from their people because they did not keep to the ritual of cleanness.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’If anyone has intercourse with a woman who is menstruating, he has exposed the source of her flow, and she has also uncovered it. the two of them must be expelled from their own people. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man lies-down-beside/(has-sexual-relations-with) a woman during her monthly- period, and the woman allows/agrees-to it, you (plur.) are- no-longer -to-consider the two of them a member of you (plur.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kutu: “If a man sleeps with a woman at the time of her period, they should be separated, because that man who touched the menstruation of that woman and the menstruation of that woman has been revealed.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
  • English: “‘If a man has sex with a woman during her monthly menstrual period, they have both revealed why she was bleeding, so both of them must not be allowed to associate with my people any more.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:19:

  • Kupsabiny: “Do not sleep with the sister to your mother or of your father because by that act/then/at that point you have misused the relationship. Then you (plur.) have brought death to yourselves.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “It is not OK for anyone to have intercourse with the elder or younger sisters of his mother or father. By this one’s close relative is caused to feel shame. And both of them will be guilty.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man has-sexual-intercourse with his aunt, he has-put- his aunt -to-shame. The two of them are-to-answer-for what they have-done.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘o not have sex with the sister of either your father or your mother, because that would be disgracing someone who is a close relative. And you and the woman must both be punished.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:20)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:20:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man marries a wife of a brother to his father. he has brought evil/sin to his father. He and that woman will be held responsible and they shall die without getting children.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If anyone has intercourse with the wife of his father’s elder or younger brother, he has caused his father’s elder or younger brother to feel shame. They will be guilty of their sin. And they will die without children.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man has-sexual-intercourse with the wife of his uncle, he has-put- his uncle -to-shame. The two of them are-to-answer-for/are-responsible-for (this), and they will- just -die without children.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If a man has sex with his aunt, he has dishonored his uncle. I will punish both of them by causing them to die without having any children.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:21:

  • Kupsabiny: “If a man marries the wife of his brother that is something that is unclean/unholy. He and the woman shall die without getting children.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If anyone has intercourse with his elder brother’s or younger brother’s wife he has made his elder or younger brother to feel shame. and they will die without children."’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If a man has-(intimate)-relations with a wife of his sibling/(brother), he has-put- his sibling/(brother) -to-shame. And because what they have-done (is) dirty/unclean, they will- just -die without children.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘If a man marries his brother’s wife while his brother is still living, that is disgraceful. He has dishonored his brother; and they both will die without having any children.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:22:

  • Kupsabiny: “Follow (plur.) my laws and what I have decided/ruled so that the country that I am taking you to live in does not spit you out.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD said– "’ keep all my law and command. Otherwise, the land [to which] I said I would bring you will vomit you out.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “[You (plur.)] obey all my decrees/[lit. what-is-to-be-followed] and commands so-that you (plur.) will- not -be-caused-to-leave the land to-which I will-bring you (plur.) where you (plur.) live.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘Obey all my laws/decrees carefully, in order that you will not be forced to leave the land to which I am bringing you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)