Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Leviticus 20:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:23:

  • Kupsabiny: “Do not live like the people who are there where I am taking you to live, because they have done all these things and then I hate (them).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Don’t you do like the nations [did] that I am about to drive out before you. By doing the evil [lit.: not right] things that they did, they caused me to abhor them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The people that I am- causing-to-leave/(forcing-out) from that land do these evil[s]/wicked-things, and because of-this I detest them. So you (plur.) do- not -follow what they are-doing.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Do not imitate/adopt the customs of the people of the land from which I will expel them as you advance. I hated them because they did all those things.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:24:

  • Kupsabiny: “But I have told you (plur.) that you shall get that land to be yours. That is a land of milk and honey. I am your God who have set you aside from other communities.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “But I have told you, ‘You will possess their land, because I will give it to you as an inheritance. I will give you their land flooding with milk and honey." I am the LORD your God, who separated you from other nations.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “And according-to what I have-told you (plur.), their land will-become yours (plur.). I will- give to you (plur.) this good and fruitful land so-that you (plur.) will- possess/will-become-owner (of it). I (am) the LORD your (plur.) God who has-separated you (plur.)/(set- you (plur.) -apart) from other people-groups.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “But I said to you, ‘You will take their land from them; I will give it to you to be yours, a land that is very fertile. I am Yahweh your God, who has set you apart from the people of other nations.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:25)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:25:

  • Kupsabiny: “So, you must know/realize that there is a difference between animals and birds that are clean and those that are not clean. Do not defile yourselves by eating any animal or bird or anything else which is in the land which I have told you is not clean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’So distinguish carefully between [lit.: carefully recognize] clean and unclean birds and beasts. It is not OK to make yourselves unclean with beasts that creep on the ground, and with birds and beasts that I have called unclean. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) must know/(make-a-distinction-between) what (are) the clean and the dirty/unclean animals including birds. You (plur.) are- not -make- yourselves/[lit. your (plur.) own self] -dirty/unclean by-means-of eating dirty/unclean animals which I have-forbidden you (plur.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘o you must distinguish between birds and animals that are unacceptable to me and those that are acceptable to me. Do not defile yourselves by eating birds or animals, or anything that scurries across the ground, that I have said are unacceptable for you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:26)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:26:

  • Kupsabiny: “You (plur.) must be holy with regard to me, because I God am holy and I have set you aside from other communities so you could become mine.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “You must be holy, for I, the LORD, am holy. And I have separated you from other nations to make you my people.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “[You (plur.)] live holy for I, the LORD, (am) holy. And I have-separated you (plur.)/(set you (plur.) apart) from other nations to- be mine.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You must behave in ways that I consider to be holy, because I, Yahweh, am holy, and I have set you apart from the ungodly people of other nations to belong to me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 20:27)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 20:27:

  • Kupsabiny: “A sorcerer or witch whether it be a man or a woman deserve to be killed. They are to be stoned because they have brought it on themselves.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “’If any man or woman does incantation and chanting, he/she must be killed. He/she must be killed by stoning. such a person is guilty of a great crime.’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If there is among you (plur.) a spiritist/medium who talks-together with the soul of a dead-(person), he/she must be- stoned until dead. He/She (is) responsible for his/her (own) death.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘You must execute any man or woman among you who consults/talks with the spirits of dead people or who is a fortune-teller. Kill them by throwing stones at them; but they will be responsible for their own deaths.’’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 21:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 21:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “God said to Moses, ‘Tell the house of Aaron who is responsible for burning of sacrifices that: A priest must not touch any person who has died in his community because that makes him to become unclean.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD said to Moses — "Speak like this to the sons of Aaron, the priests– ‘If any of [his] relatives die, it is not OK for a priest to touch him/her. This would make him unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The LORD commanded Moises to-tell these to the priests who (are) the descendants of Aaron:
    You (plur.) are- not -to-make- yourselves/[lit. your (plur.) own self] -dirty by participating in the burial of your (plur.) fellow Israelinhon,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh also said to Moses/me, ‘Speak to the priests, the sons of Aaron, and say to them,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 21:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 21:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “But he may touch the body of his mother, his father, his son, his daughter, his brother,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “[Only for] his mother [or] father, children, elder [or] younger brother,” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “except only if the dead (is) a close/near blood-relative of yours like your mother, father, child, male sibling,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “‘You priests must not cause yourselves to become unfit to do my work by touching corpses. Priests are permitted to touch only the corpses of close relatives, such as the priest’s mother or father or his son or daughter or his brother.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Leviticus 21:3)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Leviticus 21:3:

  • Kupsabiny: “or his sister who is not married and who lives with him.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “or [for] an unmarried elder [or] younger sister, only for them may he make himself unclean.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “or female sibling that (is) not yet married/[lit. husbanded] and (is) still depending on you (plur.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Priests are also permitted to touch the corpse of a sister if she is not married, because she has no husband to bury her body.” (Source: Translation for Translators)