28This is the service of the clans of the Gershonites relating to the tent of meeting, and their duties are to be under the oversight of Ithamar son of Aaron the priest.
The Hebrew that is translated in English as “tent of meeting” is translated in the Ancient GreekSeptuagint translation as σκηνῇ τοῦ μαρτυρίου or “tent of witness/testimony,” the same term that is also used in Acts 7:44.
The Hebrew terms that are translated as “family” or “clan” or “house” or similar in English are all translated in Kwere as ng’holo or “clan.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific translation notes in Paratext)
In the English translation by Goldingay (2018) it is translated as “kin-group.”
The Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)
Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:
“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”
In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).
For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”
For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:
Bau cha r (បូជាចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.
Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Numbers 4:28:
Kupsabiny: “It is Ithamar son of Aaron who shall be in charge of that work which the house of Gershon shall be doing in the Tent of God.‘” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
Newari: “This is the work of the clans of the Gershonites at the Tent of Meeting. They must do the work that Ithamar, son of Aaron the priest, tells them to do.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
Hiligaynon: “These will-be the work/doings/duties of the descendants of Gershon at the Meeting-Together-Place Tent. Itamar son of Aaron the priest will-led/direct them.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
English: “Those are the tasks that you must give to the men who belong to the clans descended from Gershom. Aaron’s son Ithamar is the one who will supervise their work.” (Source: Translation for Translators)
This is the service of the families of the sons of the Gershonites in the tent of meeting …: This verse refers back to what precedes and really functions as a summary for the whole subunit about the Gershonites’ duties (compare verse 33). Translations that express this more clearly are “So this is the service…” and “Those, then, are the responsibilities….” For the Hebrew word rendered service, see verse 4. Families renders the Hebrew word mishpachah, which is better translated “clans” (New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh; see 1.2). Again, Good News Translation‘s singular form “clan” is misleading. The families of the sons of the Gershonites may be rendered simply “the clans of Gershon.”
And their work is to be under the oversight of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest: The Hebrew word rendered work (mishmeret) is the same one translated “charge” in 3.25 (see the comments there). Here it may be rendered “tasks,” “duties” (New International Version), or “responsibilities” (New Revised Standard Version). Under the oversight of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest is literally “in the hand of Ithamar the son of Aaron the priest.” Ithamar was Aaron’s youngest son (see 3.2). In many languages the rendering Ithamar the son of Aaron may wrongly suggest that Ithamar was Aaron’s only son. “Ithamar son of Aaron” (Good News Translation) is more accurate. It is only Aaron’s youngest son, Ithamar, who is mentioned at this point as the one in charge of the Gershonites’ work (compare verse 27). Their tasks were less central than those of the Kohathites.
Quoted with permission from de Regt, Lénart J. and Wendland, Ernst R. A Handbook on Numbers. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2016. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
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