Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 20:26)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:26:

  • Kupsabiny: “Don’t make something for climbing up on for that altar/sacrificial place, because if/when someone is climbing up, (the) private parts might be seen.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Do not make steps for the altar, lest your nakedness be exposed on it.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “And [you (plur.)] do- not also -make an altar that has steps for you (plur.) might be-exposed when you (plur.) climb.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And you (pl.) can’t/mustn’t make my table of offerings so that it rises above. Lest you step up onto the stairway/ladder and go up and then people see your skin/body.’ ’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Also my altar, you not its head climb, because they will see you underparts.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Do not make an altar that has steps in front of it, because if you do that, people could see your naked buttocks as you go up the steps.’’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “These are the laws you should tell the people/stomach of Israel” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘There are the rules you are to teach to the Israelites.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The LORD said to Moises, ‘These are the regulations/rules that you (sing.) are-to-cause- the Israelinhon -to-obey:” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “God spoke again like this, ‘You (sing.) must give the following laws to them:” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “«This be law which you will put down for people of Israel.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “‘Here are some other instructions to give to the Israeli people:” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “When/If someone has bought a slave who is a Hebrew, that slave should work in that man’s house for six years and the seventh year he should be released to go/leave without paying anything to be released.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If you buy a Hebrew servant, he will serve you six years. But in the seventh year, she shall go free without paying anything.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘If you (plur.) buy a Hebrew/[Hebreo] slave, he/she will-serve you (plur.) for six years. But in the seventh year, he/she will-be-free from slavery he/she will- not -have-to-pay (anything).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If you (pl.) buy an Ibru man to exist as your laborer for nothing, he will work for you for a duration of six years. And in the seventh year, you will allow him to leave you and go. He will not pay you.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If you will buy slave which be a Hebrew, let him serve you for years six. On year seventh, untie him, not him another thing ask.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “When/If you buy a Hebrew slave, he is to serve you for only six years. In the seventh year you must free him from being your slave, and he is not required to pay you anything for setting him free.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:3)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:3:

  • Kupsabiny: “If someone got/acquired his slave when that slave was already married, that slave will be released with his wife. And/But if a person got/acquired his slave before that slave had married and (he) gave him a wife, then the wife will remain and that man goes away without a wife. That woman will remain with any child who was born in the home of the master.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If he comes alone, he will go alone; but if he has a wife, when he comes, he will go with his wife.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If when he was-bought he did-not-have a wife and later-on he got-married, only he will-go-free in the seventh year. But if he had a wife when he was bought, his wife will- also -be-freed with him.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “If he is still a bachelor when you (pl.) buy him, he alone will leave you and go in the seventh year. But if you buy a married man so that he comes with his spouse, his spouse will go with him in the seventh year.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Slave who you will buy who lacks wife, untie him alone, and slave who you will buy who has wife, untie them together.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If he was not married before he became your slave, and if he marries someone while he is your slave, his wife is not to be set free with him. But if he was married before he became your slave, you must free both him and his wife.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:4)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:4:

  • Kupsabiny: “If someone got/acquired his slave when that slave was already married, that slave will be released with his wife. And/But if a person got/acquired his slave before that slave had married and (he) gave him a wife, then the wife will remain and that man goes away without a wife. That woman will remain with any child who was born in the home of the master.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If his master gives him a wife and she gives birth to children, the woman and her children shall belong to the master, and only he shall go free.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If his master gave- him -a-wife and they have-children by his wife, he will-be-free, but his wife and children will-remain with his master.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And if his chief joins him in marriage to a woman and then she bears some children to him, that woman with her children will be the chief’s. The male laborer alone will leave his chief and go.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If [a] chief will buy woman for his slave, if she will bear children, [the] woman and her children, they will be that of [the] chief. Therefore, if chief will untie his slave, he will go alone.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If a slave’s master gives him a wife, and she gives birth to sons or daughters while her husband is a slave, only the man is to be freed. His wife and children will continue to be slaves of their master.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 2:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:5:

  • Kupsabiny: “But if a slave says that, ‘I love my master plus my wife and my children and I do not accept being released,’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If the servant says, ‘I love my master and my wife and my children and do not want to go.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘But if the slaves says that he loves his master, his wife and children, and he does-not want to-be-free,” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘But if that laborer says, ‘I very much love my chief and my spouse and children, and so I don’t want to leave them and go,’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “But, if slave will say ‹I love my chief, and my wife, and my children. I not alone will go.›” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “But when it is time for the slave to be set free, if the slave says, ‘I love my master and my wife and my children, and I do not want to be set free,’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:6)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:6:

  • Kupsabiny: “then his master should take (him) to the frame of the door before God, and pierce his ear there so that he becomes his servant for ever/to the end.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “the master shall bring him before the judges, and he shall take him to the doorpost and pierce his ear (with an awl). Then he shall be the master’s slave forever.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “his master will-bring him to the presence of God. And there at the entrance or doorpost/doorframe his master will-pierce his ear with a thing-for-piercing and he will-become a slave of his master for all of his life.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “therefore his chief will take him so that the two of them go to the opening of the door of God’s house. And then he will stand close to the door’s support post, and then his chief will pierce through his ear with a needle. This action is a sign that he will be working as a laborer for him until his death.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “His chief, let him take him in front of God, let him make him stand at door or at side of wood of door. Let him pierce him ear with awl there. That is what will show that he will be his slave until forever.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “then his master must take him to the place where they worship God (OR, to the owner’s house). There he must make the slave stand against the door or the doorpost. Then the master will use an awl/pointed metal rod to make a hole in the slave’s ear. Then he will fasten a tag to the slave’s ear to indicate that he will own that slave for the rest of his life/he will own the slave as long as the slave lives.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 21:7)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 21:7:

  • Kupsabiny: “If somebody has sold his daughter to go and become a slave, she cannot be released for nothing like male slaves.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If a man sells his daughter as a slave, she shall not go free as a manservant does.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘If a man sells his female child/(daughter) to-be a slave, she will- not -be-free in the seventh year just-like male slaves.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘If anyone yields his daughter so that she goes to another man and so he buys her so that she exists as his laborer for nothing, that woman isn’t able to leave her chief in the seventh year, not as the male laborers are doing.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If a man will sell his daughter out as slave, let them not her untie as men.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If a man sells his daughter to become a slave, she should not be set free after six years, as the male slaves are.” (Source: Translation for Translators)