Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 20:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:18:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But when the people saw the lightening and thunder, and how the horn was blowing and the smoke which was rising up from the mountain, (they) trembled because of fear. They retreated until they went and stood at a distance.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “All the people saw the lighting and the smoke billowing from the mountain and heard the thunder and the long frightening trumpet blast; and they stood at a distance shaking with fear.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the people heard the thunder, and the sound of the horn, and when they saw the lightning and the mountain in smoke, they trembled with fear. They stood at a distance/far-away” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And the people heard the triton shell sound and the thunder’s sound, and they saw lightning flash here and there and smoke surging upward on the mountain, therefore they were greatly afraid and shivered. And so they moved back and returned and so stood somewhat far away from the mountain” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When children of Israel had seen lightning hearing thunder, when they had seen smoke on top of stone hearing cry of war horn, [body] they feared very. Therefore they stood at place far.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “When the people heard the thunder and saw the lightning, and when they heard the sound of the trumpet and saw the smoke on the mountain, they were afraid and trembled. They stood at a distance,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:19:

  • Kupsabiny: “Those people told Moses that, ‘From today we shall listen to you when you talk to us, but God should not talk to us, because we might perish.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “They said to Moses, ‘You tell us and we will listen, but do not let God speak to us or we will die.’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “and said to Moises, ‘You (sing.) yourself just speak to us (excl.), for we (excl.) will-listen, not just God for we (excl.) might-die.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “and then they said to Moses, ‘[It’s] good for you (sing.) alone to talk to us (excl.) and so we listen. But [it’s] no good [if] God talks to us and then we die.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “They said to Moses «you youself, you speak for us (excl.). And God, let him not for us (excl.) speak, for we (excl.) will die.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “and said to Moses/me, ‘If you speak to us, we will listen. But do not let God speak any more to us. We are afraid that if he speaks any more to us, we will die.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:20)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:20:

  • Kupsabiny: “Then Moses told those people that, ‘Don’t be afraid. God has only tested you so that you honor him and don’t fall into sin.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Moses told them ‘Do not be afraid. God has come to test you, so that the fear of God will be with you to keep you from sinning.’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So Moises said to the people, ‘[You (plur.)] do- not -be-afraid, for God has- come here to test you (plur.) by his power so-that you (plur.) do-be-afraid of him to commit/do sin.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But Moses said to them, ‘Don’t be afraid. God came to test you (pl.). [Since] it’s like that then respect him, and then you certainly won’t do any bad deeds.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And Moses said to them «Not fear, for God came for testing your, in order that fear of God will protect you [that] you might not sin.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Moses/I replied, ‘Do not be afraid! God has come to determine/test how you will behave. He wants you to revere him, and to not sin.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:21:

  • Kupsabiny: “And when the people were still standing at a distance, Moses moved closer to that very dark cloud which had covered where God was.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The People stood at a distance; Moses only approached the thick darkness where God was.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The people remained/continued standing in the far distance while Moises went-near the thick dark-cloud/rain-cloud where God was.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “Okay, the people were standing somewhat far away still when Moses walked and approached the black cloud in which God was present (lit. sitting).” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When people stayed behind at place far, Moses approached cloud black which God sit there [body].” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Then, as the people watched from a distance, Moses/I went close to the black cloud where God was.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:22)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:22:

  • Kupsabiny: “After that, God told Moses that, ‘Go and tell the Israelites: Haven’t you heard by your own ears that I myself talked to you from up?” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then the Lord said to Moses, ‘Tell the Israelites this: you have been witnessed to the fact that I have spoken to you from heaven.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD said to Moises, ‘Say this to the Israelinhon: You (plur.) have-seen that I talked-together-with you (plur.) from heaven.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “It came about that the Chief spoke to Moses like this, ‘Speak to the people of Israel as follows, ‘You (pl.) saw with your eyes and so you know that I am was sitting in heaven and then was talking to you.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When Moses had arrived the place which The Lord sit there, The Lord said to him «you say people of Israel like this: you see it in eye your that I speak with you from above.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh said to Moses/me, ‘Say this to the Israeli people: ‘You have heard how I, Yahweh, have spoken to you from heaven. I told you that you must not make any idols of silver or gold that you will worship instead of me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:23)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:23:

  • Kupsabiny: “So, don’t make/create anything to kneel to/worship. Don’t make anything out of gold or silver and for you to worship (them).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “You must not make other gods besides me, do not make for yourselves gods of silver or gods of gold.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So [you (plur.)] do- not -make little-gods/false-gods which (are) silver or gold in-order-to worship along-with me.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “Therefore you (pl.) can’t/mustn’t make any other god to accompany me. And don’t make the carving of any god with gol and silva.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “you not gods other equate with me. you not gods of earth make with gold white or gold red.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh said to Moses/me, ‘Say this to the Israeli people: ‘You have heard how I, Yahweh, have spoken to you from heaven. I told you that you must not make any idols of silver or gold that you will worship instead of me.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:24)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:24:

  • Kupsabiny: “Use clay to make an altar and after that make for me from your sheep, goats and cows burnt offerings and those of fellowship. If/When you set aside any place for worship, I will come there and bless you.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Make an altar of earth for me and sacrifice on it your burnt offerings and fellowship offerings, your sheep and goats and your cattle. Wherever my name is honored, I will come there and bless you.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘[You (plur.)] make an altar of dirt for me and [you (plur.)] sacrifice on it your (plur.) sheep, goats, and cows/cattles as a burnt offering and offering which (is) for a good relationship. [You (plur.)] put this in the place that I choose which/(where) I will-be-worshipped, and there I will-come and bless you (plur.).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘ ‘Take earth and then make my table of offerings, and so kill (lit. strike) your (pl.) sipsips and memes and bulmakaos on it, and so they be your offering to me. Some of them you [will] put onto the fire, and so the fire will cook them so that they completely burn and be finished, and others [will] be an offering for eating in order that we (incl.) together be in agreement (lit. have a single interior). In whichever area I set for you (pl.) to lift up my name in, I will come to you and then do good to you.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “you gather ground in one place for altar which you will give me thing there. you will burn for me animal with fire there, and you will give me gift(s) of peace your, sheep/goats and cows, there. Therefore, at many places which I will put down that they might call my name there, I will come will bless you there.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Make for me an altar from dirt. Sacrifice on it the animals that you will burn completely. Also sacrifice on it the animals that you will not burn completely, to maintain fellowship with me. Worship me in any place that I choose for you to honor/worship me; and if you do that, I will come to you and bless you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 20:25)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 20:25:

  • Kupsabiny: “And if you want to build for me an altar out of rock, don’t build it with cut stones. If you use stones cut by metals, those don’t suit my work” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “If you are to make an altar of stone for me, do not build it with dressed stones, because you will make it unholy if you use a tool on it.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “If you (plur.) make an altar of stone for me you (plur.) do- not -shape/trim-it, for if you (plur.) use a chisel/(tool-to-shape)-on this, it will- not be -fit to-use in sacrificing/offering to me.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And when you (pl.) make my table of offerings from stones, you can’t/mustn’t make it from stones which people have cut. For if you cut the stones with anything such as an axe, then you’ve destroyed it, and so you aren’t able/permitted to use it for my table of offerings.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “If you will make altar with stone, not it make with stone which they carve, because stone which they carve with hammer, it spoils altar not be sacred.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “If you make for me an altar from stones, do not make it from stones that you have cut to make them look nice, because you will make the altar unsuitable for worshiping me if you use tools to cut the stones.” (Source: Translation for Translators)