Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Hosea 13:2)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:2:

  • Kupsabiny: “The people of Israel continue to sin to this day
    shaping/creating for themselves idols of silver.
    People shape those things
    in their empty/futile wisdom/skill.
    They say that those idols of calves are made for sacrifices
    and then they are kissed.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “By making idols of metal they now sin more and more,
    they had craftsmen make idols of silver for themselves.
    The report of these people has been stated like this,
    "They offer human sacrifices
    and kiss the idol of the bull."” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Now, you (plur.) who are-called Efraim continue doing-sin. For you (plur.) make images of little-gods/false-gods from your (plur.) silver so-that you (plur.) will-worship (them). But all these were only made by man and also according to just what he thought. You (plur.) still said that you (plur.) will-offer a person/man to these little-gods/false-gods which is a cow and kiss them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And now, they are making-worse their sin. Because those who are skilled metal-smiths, they are making their silver into false/imitation gods whose construction is carefully/well-done. They say, ‘Let’s sacrifice to them,’ while they kill those false/imitation gods of theirs that are imitation cows.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Now they sin more and more;
    they make idols for themselves
    and coat the idols with their silver.
    Those idols are statues that are very cleverly made,
    but those statues are made by mere humans.
    But the people are told, ‘Kiss those idols that resemble a calf,
    and offer sacrifices to them!’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:3)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:3:

  • Kupsabiny: “So, they shall perish like a fog that passes by in the morning.
    They are like dew that falls early.
    They will be like chaff that the wind blows from where it is sifted/winnowed
    or smoke that goes through a window.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Since it is like that, they will be like the morning mist,
    like the dew drops that disappear in the morning,
    like the chaff sitting on the threshing floor that the wind blows away,
    and like smoke that comes out of a window.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Therefore you (plur.) will-disappear like a mist or dew in the morning, or like a chaff in the place-of-threshing which-is-blown by the wind or a smoke which comes-out of the chimney.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore they will be like clouds/fog in the morning and dew that in-a-little-while ceases-to-exist. They will be like rice-hulls that the wind blows-away (lit. runs-off-with) and smoke that goes-out of the window.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Therefore, those people will disappear quickly like the morning mist or the dew that lies on the ground early in the morning;
    they will disappear like chaff that is blown away from where the wheat is threshed,
    like smoke that goes out of a chimney.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:4)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:4:

  • Kupsabiny: “God says,
    ‘I am your God
    who brought you out from the land of Egypt.
    There is no other God
    and no other savior apart from me.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “But I am the LORD your God.
    I brought you out from the land of Egypt.
    Besides me you have no other God.
    I am the only one who delivers you. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘I (am) the LORD your (plur.) God who caused- you (plur.) -to-come-out of Egipto. You (plur.) acknowledged no other God and Savior but me alone.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But God says, ‘Starting-from your-being in Egipto, I am/have-been Yahweh your God. You have no other God because there is no other who will save you.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “But Yahweh says to his people, ‘I am Yahweh, your God,
    the one who brought your ancestors out of Egypt.
    You must believe that only I am God
    and that there is no other God,
    and that there is no one else who can save you!” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:5)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:5:

  • Kupsabiny: “I guarded you in the wilderness
    when you were in a land without water.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I took care of you in the dry wilderness,
    in that place that had no water.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I took-care of you (plur.) in the desert, a very dry place.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “It was I who took-care-of you in the place with no inhabitants that has no water.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “I took care of your ancestors when they were in the desert,
    where it was extremely hot and dry.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:6)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:6:

  • Kupsabiny: “I fed you until you were satisfied.
    But then you became proud towards me and you forgot me.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When I fed and watered them,
    their stomachs were full and they were satisfied.
    Yet they became arrogant and they forgot me.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But when I have-blessed you (plur.) and you (plur.) prospered, you (plur.) became proud and you (plur.) forgotten me already.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I fed you, but when you were satisfied/full, you become proud (lit. your thoughts became-high) and you forgot me.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “When I provided food for them,
    their stomachs were full, and they were satisfied.
    But then they became proud
    and they forgot about me,
    and you are like your ancestors!” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:7)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:7:

  • Kupsabiny: “So, I will fight you like a lion
    and lie in wait/ambush on the path like a leopard does.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “So I will attack them like a lion.
    I will hide in their path like a leopard.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Therefore I will-attack you (plur.) and destroy like the attacking and devouring of a fierce animal of its victim, like what- a lion -does or a bear which was robbed of (her) children. I will-watch in the streets to attack you (plur.) like a leopard animal.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore I am/will-be like a lion (loan layon) or leopard (loan) that waits on the edge of the road for what he will bite and eat. I will also be like an angry/fierce bear (loan oso) whose children have-been-run-off-with by something. I will go meet and kill you.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “So I will attack you like a lion attacks other animals;
    I will be like a leopard that waits beside the road to attack another animal.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:8)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:8:

  • Kupsabiny: “I will fight you like a fierce animal
    whose children have been taken from (it).
    I will rip apart their chests
    and tear them apart quickly like a lion.
    I will tear you to pieces like a wild animal.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Like a mother bear, whose cubs has been taken,
    I will pounce upon them and rip them open.
    Like a lion, I will swallow them up in the place where I meet them and,
    like an animal that lives in the wild, I will tear them to pieces.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Therefore I will-attack you (plur.) and destroy like the attacking and devouring of a fierce animal of its victim, like what- a lion -does or a bear which was robbed of (her) children. I will-watch in the streets to attack you (plur.) like a leopard animal.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore I am/will-be like a lion (loan layon) or leopard (loan) that waits on the edge of the road for what he will bite and eat. I will also be like an angry/fierce bear (loan oso) whose children have-been-run-off-with by something. I will go meet and kill you.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Like a female bear attacks anyone that steals her cubs,
    I will attack you Israelis and rip you open.
    I will completely destroy you
    like lions or other wild animals tear apart the animals that they catch and devour them.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 13:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 13:9:

  • Kupsabiny: “I will destroy you, people of Israel
    because you opposed me who could have saved you.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “O Israel, I will utterly destroy you.
    Because you are against me, against the one who helps you. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I will-destroy you (plur.) who -come-from-Israel, because you (plur.) (are) against me your (plur.) helper.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘If/When I destroy you (sing.) Israel, who then will-be-able-to-save/rescue you (sing.)?” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “You people of Israel, you will be destroyed
    because you oppose me, the only one who can help/helps you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)