priest

The Hebrew, Aramaic, and Greek that are typically translated as “priest” in English (itself deriving from Latin “presbyter” — “elder”) is often translated with a consideration of existing religious traditions. (Click or tap for details)

Bratcher / Nida (1961) say this:

“However, rather than borrow local names for priests, some of which have unwanted connotations, a number of translations have employed descriptive phrases based on certain functions: (1) those describing a ceremonial activity: Pamona uses tadu, the priestess who recites the litanies in which she describes her journey to the upper or under-world to fetch life-spirit for sick people, animals or plants; Batak Toba uses the Arabic malim, ‘Muslim religious teacher;’ ‘one who presents man’s sacrifice to God’ (Bambara, Eastern Maninkakan), ‘one who presents sacrifices’ (Baoulé, Navajo (Dinė)), ‘one who takes the name of the sacrifice’ (Kpelle, and ‘to make a sacrifice go out’ (Hausa); (2) those describing an intermediary function: ‘one who speaks to God’ (Shipibo-Conibo) and ‘spokesman of the people before God’ (Tabasco Chontal).”

In Obolo it is translated as ogwu ngwugwa or “the one who offers sacrifice” (source: Enene Enene), in Mairasi as agam aevar nevwerai: “religious leader” (source: Enggavoter 2004), in Ignaciano as “blesser, one who does ritual as a practice” (using a generic term rather than the otherwise common Spanish loan word sacerdote) (source: Willis Ott in Notes on Translation 88/1982, p. 18ff.), and in Noongar as yakin-kooranyi or “holy worker” (source: Warda-Kwabba Luke-Ang).

For Guhu-Samane, Ernest Richert (in The Bible Translator, 1965, p. 81ff. ) reports this: “The [local] cult of Poro used to be an all-encompassing religious system that essentially governed all areas of life. (…) For ‘priest’ the term ‘poro father’ would at first seem to be a natural choice. However, several priests of the old cult are still living. Although they no longer function primarily as priests of the old system they still have a substantial influence on the community, and there would be more than a chance that the unqualified term would (in some contexts particularly) be equated with the priest of the poro cult. We learned, then, that the poro fathers would sometimes be called ‘knife men’ in relation to their sacrificial work. The panel was pleased to apply this term to the Jewish priest, and the Christian community has adopted it fully. [Mark 1:44, for instance, now] reads: ‘You must definitely not tell any man of this. But you go show your body to the knife man and do what Moses said about a sacrifice concerning your being healed, and the cause (base of this) will be apparent.'”

For a revision of the 1968 version of the Bible in Khmer Joseph Hong (in: The Bible Translator 1996, 233ff. ) talks about a change in wording for this term:

​​Bau cha r (បូជា‌ចារ្យ) — The use of this new construction meaning “priest” is maintained to translate the Greek word hiereus. The term “mean sang (មាន សង្ឃ)” used in the old version actually means a “Buddhist monk,” and is felt to be theologically misleading. The Khmer considers the Buddhist monk as a “paddy field of merits,” a reserve of merits to be shared with other people. So a Khmer reader would find unthinkable that the mean sang in the Bible killed animals, the gravest sin for a Buddhist; and what a scandal it would be to say that a mean sang was married, had children, and drank wine.

See also idolatrous priests.

Levite

The Greek, Hebrew, Aramaic and Latin that is transliterated “Levites” in English (only the Contemporary English Version translates it as “temple helpers”) is translated in Ojitlán Chinantec as “temple caretakers,” Yatzachi Zapotec as “people born in the family line of Levi, people whose responsibility it was to do the work in the important church of the Israelites,” in Alekano as “servants in the sacrifice house from Jerusalem place,” and in Tenango Otomi as “helpers of priests.” (Source: M. Larson / B. Moore in Notes on Translation February 1970, p. 1-125.)

In American Sign Language with a sign that combines “temple” + “servant.” (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)


“Levite” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor

For the sign in Spanish Sign Language, see Levi.

More information about Levites .

Salathiel / Shealtiel

The name that is transliterated as “Salathiel” or “Shealtiel” in English is translated in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) with a sign that combines “ask” (the name means “I have asked God”) and a reference that his son Zerubbabel returned to the city of Jerusalem to build the second Temple (see Ezra 3:8). (Source: Missão Kophós )


“Salathiel” in Libras (source )

More information under Shealtiel .

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

Zerubbabel

The name that is transliterated as “Zerubbabel” or “Shealtiel” in English is translated in Libras (Brazilian Sign Language) with a sign that combines “begotten” (the name means “begotten in Babylon”) and a reference that he led the first group that left the city of Babylon to build the second Temple in Jerusalem (see Ezra 3:8). (Source: Missão Kophós )


“Zerubbabel” in Libras (source )

More information under Zerubbabel .

For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .

complete verse (Nehemiah 12:1)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Nehemiah 12:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “The priests and the Levites who returned under the leadership of Zerubbabel son of Shealtiel and together with Joshua who was a high priest were: Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “This is the list of the priests and of the Levites who returned from being-captive with Zerobabel the child of Sealtiel and Jeshua the leading priest. The priests were Seraya, Jeremias, Ezra, Amaria, Maluc, Hatush, Shecania, Rehum, Meremot, Eddo, Ginetoi, Abia, Miamin, Moadia, Bilga, Shemaya, Joyarib, Jedaya, Salu, Amok, Helkia, and Jedaya. They were the leaders/[lit. heads] of their fellow priests and of their companions during the time of Jesua.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Many priests and other descendants of Levi returned from Babylonia/to Jerusalem with Zerubbabel and Jeshua. They included
    Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

Translation commentary on Nehemiah 12:1

These are the names of the chiefs or leaders of the priests and Levites who returned from exile in the time of Zerubbabel, governor of Judah in the time of Darius, and Jeshua, high priest at that time (see Ezra 2.2). The names of the priests and Levites listed here became the names of the priestly divisions and Levitical divisions (see Ezra 6.18) for their turns and responsibilities.

Came up: See the comment on “go up” at Ezra 1.3.

Seraiah, Jeremiah, Ezra: The list of priests begins with these three names and Good News Translation incorporates them with the following verses in order for the list to appear as a single unit.

Quoted with permission from Noss, Philip A. and Thomas, Kenneth J. A Handbook on Nehemiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2005. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .