Exegesis:

The commandments quoted (from Ex. 20.12-16; cf. Deut. 5.16-20) are, with the exception of ‘Do not defraud,’ numbers VI, VII, VIII, IX, V, in that order, from the Decalogue.

mē phoneusēs ‘you shall not kill,’ ‘you shall not murder’ (the verb is found only here in Mark; cf. the noun phonos in 7.21).

mē moicheusēs ‘you shall not commit adultery’ (cf. moichaomai in 10.11-12, and moicheia in 7.21).

mē klepsēs ‘you shall not steal.’

mē pseudomarturēsēs (cf. 14.56, 57) ‘you shall not bear false witness,’ ‘you shall not give false testimony.’

mē aposterēsēs ‘you shall not defraud’: the verb has the specialized meaning of ‘defraud,’ ‘deprive of.’ By some it is taken to refer to commandment X (‘you shall not covet’); others see it as another aspect of commandment VIII (‘you shall not steal’).

tima (cf. 7.6) ‘you must honor.’

Translation:

Commandments is translatable in some languages only by a verb, in which case a subject must be introduced, e.g. ‘what God commanded’ (or ‘ordered’), or ‘what God said people should do’ (or ‘not do,’ depending upon the requirements of following sequence).

Kill should be interpreted here in the sense of murder, but it should not be restricted merely to ingroup killing (in some tribes the murder of a member of the outgroup – whether of a hostile or foreign clan or tribe – is a heroic deed, while the murder of a member of the ingroup, i.e. the immediate social unit, is condemned).

For adultery see 7.21. Note, however, that in languages in which adultery is described in terms of either the man’s taking another woman or a woman’s taking another man, one must choose the first of these alternatives in this passage since Jesus is addressing himself specifically to a man, e.g. ‘don’t take another woman’ (Cashibo-Cacataibo) or ‘don’t be unfaithful to your wife’ (Copainalá Zoque).

False witness is ‘do not lie about people’ (San Mateo del Mar Huave), and ‘say he is guilty, while lying’ (Highland Totonac).

Defraud is translated as ‘do not take from others by cheating’ (Tzeltal).

For honor see 7.6, but in this context the meaning is not primarily one of ‘praise,’ but of ‘obedience,’ translated sometimes as ‘show respect for’ and ‘demonstrate obedience to.’

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .