Scriptures Plain & Simple (Luke 15:11-32)

Barclay Newman, a translator on the teams for both the Good News Bible and the Contemporary English Version, translated passages of the New Testament into English and published them in 2014, “in a publication brief enough to be non-threatening, yet long enough to be taken seriously, and interesting enough to appeal to believers and un-believers alike.” The following is the translation of Luke 15:11-32:

Finally, Jesus told them this story:

       A man’s younger son once said,
              “Dad, give me my share of the family fortune!”
       So his father divided everything
              between him and his older brother.

       Soon the younger son packed up everything
       and left for a foreign country,
              where he wasted every cent of his inheritance.

       Then a terrible famine struck the land,
              leaving him famished and without food.

       So hungry was the young man that he took a job
              feeding bean pods to nasty pigs,
       and he would have eaten some of the pods himself,
              if only the owner had turned his back.

       At last, in desperation, he said to himself,
       “My dad’s workers have more than enough to eat,
              while I sit here with these pigs, starving to death.
       Best thing I can do is to go home and make up with my dad.
       I’ll say, “Dad, I’ve been a really lousy son,
              worthless and useless to both you and God.
       Fact is, I don’t deserve to be called your son —
              just treat me like one of your servants.”

       Before he even reached the road to the farmhouse,
       his father saw him and felt so sorry that he ran over
              and greeted the young man with hugs and kisses.

       “Dad, I’ve been a really lousy son,” said the boy.
       “I’m worthless and useless to both you and God.
              Fact is, I don’t deserve to be called your son.”

       But his father instructed the servants,
              “Hurry! Bring him the best clothes.
              Put a gold ring on his finger and sandals on his feet.
              And prepare our choice beef, so we can celebrate!
       My son was dead, and now he’s alive!
              My son was lost, and now he’s found.”

       Then the festivities began.
       Meanwhile, the older brother was coming in from the fields,
       when he heard the sound of music and dancing.
              “What’s going on?” he asked one of the servants.

       “Your younger brother has come home,” answered the servant,
       “and your father ordered us
              to prepare the choice beef for a feast.”
       This made the older brother so angry
              that he refused to go anywhere near the house.

       His father went out and begged him to join the celebration,
       but his son answered, “All my life I’ve obeyed you,
              and I’ve worked like a slave.
       Yet you’ve never even given me a small goat,
              so I could throw a party for my friends.
       This other son of yours blew all his money on hookers,
              and now that he’s back home,
       you’ve ordered our choice beef
              to be killed for a feast in his honor.”

       “My dear son,” replied his father, “You’re always here,
              and everything I have is yours as well.
       But don’t you think we should celebrate?
       Your brother was dead, and now he’s alive.
              He was lost, and now he’s found.”

Translation commentary on Luke 15:20

Exegesis:

kai anastas ēlthen pros ton patera heautou ‘and he set out and went to his father.’ heautou is equivalent to the simple possessive autou. For anastas cf. on v. 18.

eti de autou makran apechontos ‘while he was still far away,’ scil. from his father’s house. The range of makran (also 7.6) ‘far away’ is determined by the fact that he is already within eyeshot.

eiden auton ho patēr autou ‘his father saw him.’ auton takes up preceding autou. eiden is best understood as ingressive, cf. Bible de Jérusalem.

esplagchnisthē ‘he was filled with pity,’ “his heart went out to him” (Phillips, New English Bible), cf. on 7.13.

dramōn epepesen epi ton trachēlon autou ‘he ran and fell on his neck,’ i.e. ‘he threw his arms around him,’ ‘he embraced him.’ trachēlos also 17.2.

katephilēsen auton ‘he kissed him,’ cf. on 7.38.

Translation:

While he was yet at a distance, or, “while he was still a long way off” (New English Bible). To be at a distance is sometimes rendered by a verbal form derived from ‘far/distant.’

Saw him, sometimes better, ‘saw him coming’ (cf. e.g. Javanese).

Had compassion, see 7.13.

And ran …, or, as a new sentence, ‘he went to meet him’ (Sranan Tongo); or specifying the participants, e.g. ‘his father ran…’ (Bahasa Indonesia KB), ‘he-ran-toward his child’ (Balinese).

Embraced him and kissed him, indicating an affectionate greeting. Descriptive renderings of the first verb may come close to the Greek expression, ‘he put his arms around him, or, around his neck/shoulders/body’; the function, if unknown, usually will become clear from what follows. The verb to kiss often is difficult to render. Some descriptive or idiomatic renderings used are, ‘to smell (the face of)’ (Ekari, Kekchi), an intensive form of ‘to suck’ (West Nyanja, habit and term a novelty amongst the young and more or less westernized people, the traditional term for greeting a friend after a long absence being, ‘to clap in the hands and laugh happily’), ‘to hug’ (Shona 1966), ‘to caress’ (Balinese); Medumba uses ‘suck the cheek,’ a novelty again, the traditional term being ‘to embrace’—which might have been considered here also, as rendering of the two verbs. A generic rendering may be, ‘to greet/welcome affectionately,’ which, again, may have to serve for the two verbs.

Quoted with permission from Reiling, J. and Swellengrebel, J.L. A Handbook on the Gospel of Luke. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1971. For this and other handbooks for translators see here . Make sure to also consult the Handbook on the Gospel of Mark for parallel or similar verses.

SIL Translator’s Notes on Luke 15:20

15:20a

So: This verse begins with a Greek conjunction that many English versions translate as “and.” The Berean Standard Bible, along with many other English versions, translates it as So because it introduces what the young man did as a result of his decision to return home to his father. Translate the connection in a natural way in your language.

he got up and went to his father: The Greek word that the Berean Standard Bible translates as he got up is the same word as the word translated as “I will get up” in 15:18a. It is used here to indicate that the young man started to go to his father. It does not mean that he had been sitting down or lying down.

went to his father: The Greek verb that the Berean Standard Bible translates as went can also be translated as “came.” Some English versions, such as the Revised Standard Version, translate it that way. Express this in a way that is natural in your language.

Notice that the young man had not reached his father when the action of the next verse parts occurred. In some languages it may be necessary to translate this as:

started back to his father

Paragraph 15:20b–24

In 15:20b–c the focus changes from the young man to the father and what the father felt and did when the son came home.

15:20b

But while he was still in the distance: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as But while he was still in the distance is literally “but still being-away at-a-distance.” It means that the younger son was still far away from his father. However, he was close enough for his father to recognize him, as the next clause implies. Another way to translate this is:

While he was still at a distance (God’s Word)

his father saw him: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as his father saw him in this context means that the father saw who he was. He recognized him as he was coming. If you have a specific term in your language that refers to seeing someone in the distance, you may use it here.

15:20c

and was filled with compassion: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as was filled with compassion means that the father felt great compassion for his younger son. He strongly desired to show mercy to him. In some languages there may be an idiom to describe this. For example:

his heart went out to him (NET Bible)

He ran to his son: The father ran to his son in order to welcome him. In some languages it may be more natural to make this information explicit. For example:

he ran ⌊to meet/greet⌋ his son

In other languages it may better to make information implicit. For example:

he ran (Good News Translation)

Use a natural way to express this clause in your language.

15:20d

embraced him, and kissed him: The phrase embraced him, and kissed him is a cultural gesture. In that culture a man greeted a family member or close friend by putting his arms around him and kissing him once on each cheek. The form of the Greek verb for kissed here implies that the father kissed his son repeatedly. He did this in order to show him that he loved him and welcomed him back home. If men in your culture would not welcome a grown son in this way, you may:

Translate the gesture and make the meaning explicit. For example:

He put his arms around him and kissed him ⌊repeatedly⌋ ⌊on the cheeksto welcome him.

Translate the meaning without the gesture. For example:

He greeted/welcomed his son with great affection.

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