The Greek that is translated as “together” or “with one accord” in English is translated in Yamba and Bulu as “(with) one heart.” (Source: W. Reyburn in The Bible Translator 1959, p. 1ff. )
In Enlhet it is translated as “their innermosts did not go past each other.” “Innermost” or valhoc is a term that is frequently used in Enlhet to describe a large variety of emotions (for other examples see here). (Source: Jacob Loewen in The Bible Translator 1969, p. 24ff. )
Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
The term that is transliterated as “Paul” in English is translated in American Sign Language with a sign that signifies the many letters he wrote. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“Paul” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with a sign depicting putting away a sword, referring to his conversion from a persecutor of Christians to a Christian leader. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
Following are a number of back-translations of Acts 18:12:
Uma: “When Galio became governor of the province of Akhaya, the Yahudi people were united/agreed to oppose Paulus. They carried him to the deciding house.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
Yakan: “Then when Galliyo was the governor of the place Akaya, the Yahudi went together to seize Paul. They brought him to the governor to accuse him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And when Gallio was made governor of the province of Achaia, the Jews gathered together and they seized Paul and brought him before Gallio.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
Kankanaey: “When then Gallio took-over to-be-governor in Akaya, unbelieving Jews made-an-agreement to catch/arrest Pablo, and they took him to the court to bring-charges-against-(him) to the governor.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
Tagbanwa: “But, when Galion was now governor of the province of Acaya, Corinto being in the district of Acaya, the Jews again agreed together to arrest Pablo and stand him in the presence of Galion who was the highest judge.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
Gallio assumed the governorship of Greece around A.D. 51 and Luke has used the correct technical term to describe the office of Gallio, Roman governor. Greece is literally “Achaia” (18.27; 19.21), the Roman province that included the most important part of Greece. In the Roman system a governor was an “appointed ruler”; in some languages the equivalent is “an appointed big chief.” But the passive expression was made is difficult to render in many languages; therefore, one may say, “the Roman authorities caused Gallio to be ruler of Greece.”
Got together is actually an adverb (see 1.14) which must be taken closely with the verb seized. The verb which the Good News Translation has translated seized appears only here in the New Testament. It appears in some other translations as “made an attack” (Revised Standard Version, see Phillips) and “set upon” (New English Bible); and so the entire phrase got together, seized is translated “made a united attack upon” (Revised Standard Version), “banded together to attack” (Phillips), and “set upon in a body” (New English Bible).
Took him into court may be translated in some languages as “caused him to go before the governor (or ruler) to be judged.”
Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on The Acts of the Apostles. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1972. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .
While Gallio was proconsul of Achaia: The events of 18:12–17 occurred during the year and a half mentioned in 18:11. In some languages a literal translation would wrongly indicate that the events of 18:12–17 occurred after the year and a half had ended. If that is true in your language, indicate the correct meaning. For example:
⌊During that time,⌋ while Gallio was proconsul of Achaia
proconsul of Achaia: The title proconsul refers to the top leader of a Roman province. For example:
the Roman governor of Achaia (Good News Translation)
Achaia: This name refers to the province of the middle and southern parts of what is now called the country of Greece. At that time the Romans ruled Achaia. In some languages people are not familiar with the name Achaia. If that is true in your language, you may want to:
• Indicate that it is a province in your translation. For example:
⌊province of⌋ Achaia
But the word you use for “proconsul” may already clearly indicate that Achaia was a province.
• Explain its meaning in a footnote. An example footnote is:
Achaia was the province of what is now central and southern Greece. At that time Romans ruled Achaia.
18:12b
the Jews coordinated an attack on Paul: This phrase in Greek is literally “rose up with one purpose against Paul.” They wanted Gallio to make Paul stop preaching. The phrase “rose up” refers to coming against Paul to harm him. Here the English word attack does not indicate hitting Paul. Other ways to translate this clause are:
the Jews with one accord rose up against Paul (New American Standard Bible) -or-
Jews there got together, seized Paul, (Good News Translation) -or-
some of the Jews came together against Paul (New Century Version)
the Jews: This phrase refers to the Jews in Corinth who opposed Paul. It does not refer to Jews who became believers in Jesus. In some languages a literal translation would wrongly include Jews who became believers in Jesus. If that is true in your language, you may want to explain it in your translation. For example:
the Jews ⌊who did not believe in Jesus⌋ -or-
the Jews ⌊of Corinth⌋ ⌊who rejected Jesus⌋
18:12c
brought him before the judgment seat: The Greek phrase that the Berean Standard Bible translates as before the judgment seat is literally “before the judgment seat.” Here the Jews brought him before Gallio, the governor. The governor usually sat on this judgment seat while he did his work as governor. This included listening to important cases of law and judging who was right. Other ways to translate this clause are:
brought him to the judgment seat ⌊of the governor⌋ to accuse him -or-
brought him before the governor for judgment (New Living Translation (2004)) -or-
took him to the governor to bring charges against him
Living Water is produced for the Bible translation movement in association with Lutheran Bible Translators. Lyrics derived from the ESV® Bible (The Holy Bible, English Standard Version®).
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