chariot

The Hebrew, Latin and Greek that is translated into English as “chariot” is translated into Anuak as “canoe pulled by horse.” “Canoe” is the general term for “vehicle” (source: Loren Bliese). Similarly it is translated in Lokạạ as ukwaa wạ nyanyang ntuuli or “canoe that is driven by horses.” (Source: J.A. Naudé, C.L. Miller Naudé, J.O. Obono in Acta Theologica 43/2, 2023, p. 129ff. )
Other translations include:

  • Eastern Highland Otomi: “cart pulled by horses” (source: Larson 1998, p. 98)
  • Chichicapan Zapotec: “ox cart” (in Acts 8) (ox carts are common vehicles for travel) (source: Loren Bliese)
  • Chichimeca-Jonaz, it is translated as “little house with two feet pulled by two horses” (source: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)
  • Hausa Common Language Bible as keken-doki or “cart of donkey” (source: Andy Warren-Rothlin)
  • Mairasi: “going-thing [vehicle]” (source: Enggavoter 2004)

It is illustrated for use in Bible translations in East Africa by Pioneer Bible Translators like this:

Image owned by PBT and Jonathan McDaniel and licensed with the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unported License.

See also cart.

self-referencing pronoun for king or queen

In Malay, the pronoun beta for the royal “I” (or “my” or “me”) that is used by royals when speaking to people of lower rank, subordinates or commoners to refer to themselves in these verses. This reflects the “language of the court because the monarchy and sultanate in Malaysia are still alive and well. All oral and printed literature (including newspapers and magazines) preserve and glorify the language of the court. Considering that the language of the court is part of the Malaysian language, court language is used sparingly where appropriate, specifically with texts relating to palace life.” (Source: Daud Soesilo in The Bible Translator 2025, p. 263ff.)

complete verse (2 Kings 10:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of 2 Kings 10:15:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But when Jehu left there, he went/proceeded. When he reached the road, he met with Jonadab son of Rechab. Jehu greeted that man and asked, ‘Do you obey/respect me like I respect you?’ Jonadab replied, ‘Yes, I respect you.’ Jehu said, ‘If you indeed respect me, then reach out/give me your hand.’ Then, Jehu helped that man to climb into his chariot.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Jehu went from there. On the road Jehonadab, son of Recab met him. Having greeted him, Jehu said, "What! Are we of one mind? Whose side are you on?"
    Jehonadab replied, "I am on your side."
    Jehu said, "If it is like that, give me your hand." He did like that, and Jehu helped him up to sit his chariot.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “After- Jehu -left there, he saw Jehonadab the child of Recab approaching to meet him. Jehu greeted him and asked, ‘Are you (sing.) on my side, as I am on your (sing.) side?’ Jehonadab replied, ‘Yes.’ Then Jehu said, ‘If that-is-the-case, reach-out/offer your (sing.) hand to me.’ Jehonadab reached-out/offered his hand and Jehu had- him -come-up into his chariot.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Jehu continued to travel toward Samaria. Along the road, he was met by Jonadab, a leader of the Rechab clan. Jehu greeted him and said to him, ‘Are you as devoted to me as I am devoted to you?’
    Jonadab replied, ‘Yes, I am.’
    Jehu said, ‘If you are, shake hands with me.’ So Jonadab shook hands with him, and Jehu helped him to get into his chariot.” (Source: Translation for Translators)