complete verse (Hosea 1:21)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 12:1:

  • Kupsabiny: “Ephraim feeds himself on wind alone.
    (He) follows the wind of the East all day.
    He continues to tell/do lies
    and/with rebellion/arrogance.
    (He) made a covenant with Assyria
    and sent olive oil to Egypt.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Ephraim is like an animal that eats wind instead of grass.
    All day long he chases after the wind that blows from the desert.
    He multiplies lies and violence.
    He makes an alliance with Assyria,
    and sells olive oil to the land of Egypt.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘Those (who) come-from-Israel trust on the things that have no value. What they chase/pursue all day long are the things which can-harm them. Their telling-lies and violence multiplies/increases. They make a treaty with Asiria and Egipto, that is why they bring oil to Egipto as gift.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The leaders of Israel are constantly wavering about seeking help from other countries.
    Seeking their help is as useless as chasing the wind.
    They pile up their lies and violent acts.
    First, they make a treaty with Assyria,
    and then they send olive oil to the rulers of Egypt to seek their help.” (Source: Translation for Translators)
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