καὶ Ἰάκωβον τὸν τοῦ Ζεβεδαίου καὶ Ἰωάννην τὸν ἀδελφὸν τοῦ Ἰακώβου καὶ ἐπέθηκεν αὐτοῖς ὀνόμα[τα] Βοανηργές, ὅ ἐστιν Υἱοὶ Βροντῆς·
17James son of Zebedee and John the brother of James (to whom he gave the name Boanerges, that is, Sons of Thunder),
The Greek that is translated in English as “thunder” is translated in Q’anjob’al with the existing idiom “the sun trembles.” (Source: Newberry and Kittie Cox in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 91ff. )
In Matumbi njai means “thunder” and/or “lightning.” (Source: Pioneer Bible Translators, project-specific notes in Paratext)
Many languages have terms for siblings that define whether one is younger or older in relation to another sibling.
Dave Brunn reports this from the translation into Lamogai (see p. 141f. and 181f.):
“Some languages, including Lamogai, have two different words for brother. One means ‘older brother,’ and the other means ‘younger brother.’ In many cases, these languages do not have a generic word that includes both. Relating this to translation, which of the sons of Zebedee do you think was older, James or John? The Bible does not tell us, but there are some clues. The names James and John occur together about twenty times in the New Testament. In every occurrence, James is named first. Since there is not much else to go on, most translators who have faced this issue have considered this to be enough evidence to say James must be the older brother. Here is how we translated this pair of names in Matthew 17:1 in the Lamogai New Testament:
“‘Jems akap ino tikino Jon’ (‘James along-with his younger-brother John’)
“Technically, ‘tikino‘ means younger sibling of the same sex and ‘udikino‘ older sibling of the same sex. A man would refer to his older brother as ‘udikino‘ and his younger brother as ‘tikino.’ And a woman would use the same terms for her older and younger sisters. The term for opposite-sex sibling (either a man to his sister or a woman to her brother) is ‘luku.'” (Source for this paragraph: private communication from Dave Brunn)
In the translation into Oaxaca Chontal, the same principle is applied. (Source: Bratcher / Nida 1961)
The Chilcotin translators have tried to circumvent specifying which of the two is older, even though the language also uses age-specific terms for siblings. In Mark 1:19 and Mark 3:17 it says Zebedee beyiqi… (“Zebedee’s sons…”) and therefore avoids stating their respective age. Likewise in Mark 5:37 it says Peter hink´an ˀelhcheliqi James belh John (“Peter and brothers James and John”) (source: Quindel King).
See also Peter (Simon) / Andrew (relative age).
Saxwe Gbe translated the Greek in Mark 3:17 that is translated in English as “Sons of Thunder” as “those who rumble like rainclouds.”
Joshua Ham explains: “While checking the book of Mark in Saxwe a while ago, we ran across an interesting problem. In Mark 3:17, Jesus gives a nickname to James and John: ‘to them he gave the name Boanerges, which means Sons of Thunder’ (NIV). The translators first tried a fairly literal translation of the last part of that verse – ‘… which means ‘children of thunder’.’ Seems OK, right?
“Well, the Saxwe word for thunder is xevyoso. That word, not coincidentally, is also the name for the Saxwe spirit of thunder and lightning. So a reader of this verse in Saxwe could easily imagine that Jesus is calling James and John followers of the thunder god Xevyoso. That’s not the meaning we want to give here!
“So what does Jesus mean when he calls James and John the Sons of Thunder? Well, the Bible itself doesn’t say explicitly, but the best idea is that James and John were stormy characters — loud, blustery, impetuous. (Read Luke 9:51-56 for an example of these attributes.) In Saxwe, the translators ended up saying ‘…which means ‘those who rumble like rainclouds’.’ This keeps the meteorological imagery, puts focus on the meaning of the name, and avoids making any possible reference to the Saxwe thunder spirit.”
In Lalana Chinantec it is translated as “intensely they did their work.” (Source: B. Moore / G. Turner in Notes on Translation 1967, p. 1ff.)
See also Son of God.
Following is a Bulgarian Orthodox icon of John the Evangelist from the 14th century (found in Rila Monastery, Bulgaria).
Orthodox Icons are not drawings or creations of imagination. They are in fact writings of things not of this world. Icons can represent our Lord Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the Saints. They can also represent the Holy Trinity, Angels, the Heavenly hosts, and even events. Orthodox icons, unlike Western pictures, change the perspective and form of the image so that it is not naturalistic. This is done so that we can look beyond appearances of the world, and instead look to the spiritual truth of the holy person or event. (Source )
See also John (the disciple).
The Greek and Hebrew that is translated as “brother” in English is translated in Mandarin Chinese as dìdì (弟弟) or “younger brother.”
The term that is transliterated as “John (the disciple)” in English is translated in American Sign Language with the sign for the letter J and the sign signifying “beloved,” referring to John 13:23 et al. (Source: Ruth Anna Spooner, Ron Lawer)
“John” in American Sign Language, source: Deaf Harbor
In Swiss-German Sign Language it is translated with a sign that depicts John’s head resting on Jesus’ chest, referring to John 13:23.
“John” in Swiss-German Sign Language, source: DSGS-Lexikon biblischer Begriffe , © CGG Schweiz
In Spanish Sign Language it is translated with with the sign for “young.” This refers to the traditional belief that he was the youngest of the apostles and the fact that he was younger than his brother James (see relative age of James and John. (Source: Steve Parkhurst)
“John” in Spanish Sign Language, source: Sociedad Bíblica de España
For more information on translations of proper names with sign language see Sign Language Bible Translations Have Something to Say to Hearing Christians .
See also John the Evangelist (icon).
Learn more on Bible Odyssey: The Apostle John .
Following is the translation of Mark 3:13-19 into Russian Sign Language with a back-translation underneath:
Source: Russian Bible Society / Российское Библейское Общество
Jesus called his disciples to him to climb a mountain. The disciples followed him. They came to a place. Jesus began to choose for himself the closest disciples — he chose one, another, a third, choosing a total of 12 men.
The first one was Simon. Jesus gave him the middle name Peter. The second was James. The third was John. James and John are brothers. Their father’s name was Zebedee. Jesus called them “Sons of Thunder.” Why did He give them that name? That was their character, like thunder and lightning. The fourth was Andrew, the fifth was Philip, the sixth was Bartholomew, the seventh was Matthew, the eighth was Thomas, the ninth was James (his father’s name was Alphaeus), the tenth was Thaddeus, the eleventh was Simon the Cananite, and the twelfth was Judas Iscariot. He then betrayed Jesus. There were twelve men in all. They were called apostles by Jesus.
What were they to do?
One. They should always follow Jesus.
Second. Jesus send them out to tell all the people about Jesus.
Third. Jesus gave them authority. If there was a demon in a person, the apostles had authority to cast the demon out of the person.
Иисус призвал к себе учеников, чтобы забраться на гору. Ученики последовали за ним. Они пришли на место. Иисус стал выбирать для себя самых близких учеников — одного выбрал, другого, третьего, всего выбрал 12 человек.
Первый — Симон. Иисус дал ему второе имя Петр. Второй — Иаков. Третий — Иоанн. Иаков и Иоанн — братья. Отца их звали Зеведей. Иисус назвал из «Сыновья Грома». Почему Он дал им такое имя? Такой у них был характер, как гром и молния. Четвертый — Андрей, пятый — Филипп, шестой — Варфоломей, седьмой — Матфей, восьмой — Фома, девятый — Иаков (отца его звали Алфей), десятый — Фаддей, одиннадцатый — Симон Кананит, двенадцатый — Иуда Искариот. Он потом предал Иисуса. Всего их было 12 человек. Их Иисус назвал апостолами.
Что они должны были делать?
Первое. Они всегда должны следовать за Иисусом.
Второе. Иисус отправляем их, чтобы они рассказывали всем людям об Иисусе.
Третье. Иисус дал им власть. Если в каком-нибудь человеке был бес, апостолы имели власть изгнать беса из человека.
Back-translation by Luka Manevich
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Following is the translation of Mark 3:13-19 into Mexican Sign Language with back-translations into Spanish and English underneath:
© La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
Jesús caminó a una montaña y miró (y dijo): “Ven” y un grupo de personas se acercó a él. Jesús eligió doce apóstoles para acompañarlo juntos.
Después en el futuro los iba a entregar la autoridad para ir y predicar y para que pudieran expulsar demonios.
El primero era Simón, y cambió su apodo a Petro. El segundo era Jacobo y el tercero era Juan. Ellos eran hermanos, y su carácter era irascible entonces los apodó: ruido de relámpago fuerte (Boanerges).
El cuarto era Andrés, el quinto Felipe, el sexto Bartolomé, el séptimo Mateo, el octavo Tomás, el noveno Jacobo, y el decimo Tadeo.
El número once era Simón, que era caracterizado por su deseo de expulsar los romanos, y el número doce era Judás que en el futuro traicionaría a Jesús.
Jesus walked to a mountain and looked around (and said): “Come” and a group of people came to him. Jesus chose twelve apostles to accompany him together.
Afterwards, in the future, he would hand over to them the authority to go and preach and to be able to throw out demons.
The first was Simon and he changed his nickname to Peter, the second was James and the third was John. They were brothers with hot-tempered characters, so he gave them the nickname: strong sound of lightning (Boanerges).
The fourth was Andrew, the fifth Philip, the sixth Bartholomew, the seventh Matthew, the eighth Thomas, the ninth James and the tenth Thaddaeus.
The eleventh was Simon; they characterized Simon as someone who wanted very much to throw out the Romans, and the twelfth was Judas who would later betray Jesus.
Source: La Biblia en LSM / La Palabra de Dios
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