complete verse (Genesis 3:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:12:

  • Kankanaey: “The man said answering, ‘The woman of-course that you (sing.) brought to me. She was the one-who-gave (me) the fruit of that tree, and-so I ate-it.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The man answered — ‘The woman that you put with me gave me the fruit of that tree. And I ate it.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The man replied, ‘The woman whom you (sing.) caused-to-be- my -companion (she) gave me the fruit of that tree and I ate it.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “The man said, ‘You gave me this woman to be with me. She is the one who gave me some of the fruit from that tree, and so I ate it.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:13:

  • Kankanaey: “After that God said to the woman, ‘Why did you (sing.) do that?’ The woman answered, ‘The snake deceived-me (+defensive semantic particle), so I ate the fruit of that tree.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The LORD God said to that woman — ‘Why did you do such a thing?'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Then the LORD God asked the woman, ‘Why did you (sing.) do that?’ The woman replied, ‘The snake deceived me. That’s why I ate (it).'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh God said to the woman, ‘Why did you do such a thing?’ The woman replied, ‘I ate some of the fruit because the snake deceived me.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:14:

  • Kankanaey: “Then God said to the snake, ‘You (sing.) will-be-differentiated from all creatures because I will punish you (sing.). Until your (sing.) death, you (sing.) will slither and you (sing.) will swallow- dirt -with (anything you swallow).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then the LORD God said to the snake — ‘Because you have done like this, you will have to receive a greater curse than any of the domesticated animals or the animals living in the jungle. You will have to go around resting on [your] stomach. And [you] will have to eat earth as long as you live.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So the LORD God said to the snake, ‘Because you (sing.) have-done this, I will-punish you (sing.). Of all the animals, you (sing.) are really/[intensifier] the only (one) who will-experience this curse: in all your (sing.) life you (sing.) will-crawl by-means-of your (sing.) belly, and your (sing.) mouth will-always-be getting/[lit. enter] dust.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh God said to the snake, ‘Because you did this, of all the livestock and the wild animals, I will curse/punish you alone. As a result, you and all other snakes will scurry across the ground on your bellies, and so what you eat will have dirt on it as long as you live.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:15:

  • Kankanaey: “Starting-from now also, you and the woman will quarrel/be-enemies and likewise also those-whom you have-as-descendants. You (sing.) will bite the heel of her descendant(s), but her descendant by-contrast, he will crush your (sing.) head.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I will raise discord between you and the woman and between your children and the woman’s children. He will shatter your head, you will bite his heel.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (sing.) and the woman will-fight-against-each-other. Your (sing.) descendant and her descendant will- also -fight-against-each-other. She will-smash your (sing.) head and you (sing.) will-bite her heel.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “And I will cause you and the woman to act in a hostile way toward each other, and I will cause your brood and her descendants to act hostilely toward each other. You will strike at the heel of one descendant of hers, but he will strike your head.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)
  • Swedish Bibel 2000: “And I will incite enmity between you and the woman, between your seed and hers: they shall tread on your head and you will snatch their heel.” (Source: Richard Pleijel in Journal of the Bible and its Reception, March 2025 )

complete verse (Genesis 3:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:16:

  • Kankanaey: “God also said to the woman, ‘Your (sing.) hardships/sufferings will more-than-adequately increase-in-number, especially when you (sing.) give-birth, but you (sing.) will nevertheless desire/crave your (sing.) spouse and he will be-the-one-to-rule-over you (sing.).'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then to the woman he said — ‘I will increase your birth pains. Experiencing great pain, you will give birth to children, Yet, your desire will be attracted toward [your] husband. And he will keep you under [his] authority.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He also said to the woman, ‘Because of what you (sing.) have-done, I will-increase your (sing.) suffering in pregnancy and your (sing.) pain in giving-birth. But in-spite-of that/[lit. on-the-other-side of that], you (sing.) will- still -desire your (sing.) husband, and he will-rule over you (sing.).'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh said to the woman, ‘You will have great pain when you give birth to children; you will suffer great pain as your children are being born. You will greatly desire your husband to show affection for you, but he will rule over you.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:17:

  • Kankanaey: “Then God said to the man, ‘Since you (sing.) believed/obeyed your (sing.) spouse and you (sing.) ate some of what I prohibited, the soil will-become-bad. You (sing.) must suffer/undergo-hardship to cultivate so-that there-will-be what-suffices for you (pl.) to eat until your (sing.) life has reached-the-end,” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then he said to the man — ‘Because you listened to your wife and ate the fruit of that tree which I said not to eat, the ground will have to bear a curse. As long as you live you will eat by growing grain from it with great difficulty.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He also said to the man, ‘Because you (sing.) listened to your (sing.) wife and ate the fruit of the tree which I prohibited you (sing.) (to eat), I will-curse the land. So throughout your (sing.) whole life you (sing.) will-labor very-hard/[lit. hard-hard] so you (sing.) can-eat.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Then Yahweh said to the man, ‘You heeded what your wife said, and you ate some of the fruit of the tree concerning which I commanded you saying, ‘Do not eat it.’ So I will make it difficult to grow things in the ground because of what you did. You will have to work hard as long as you live to produce things from the ground to eat.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:18:

  • Kankanaey: “because there-will-come-to-be thorns and all kinds of bad weeds and you will eat from plants that just grow.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “It will bear thorns and nettles for you. Nevertheless you will still get to eat grain and green vegetables.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “From the land will-grow thorny plants, and you (sing.) will-eat what have-been-planted in the field.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Thornbushes and thistle plants and other weeds will grow and prevent what you have planted from growing. And for food, you will have to eat things that just grow in your fields.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Genesis 3:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Genesis 3:19:

  • Kankanaey: “The truth-of-it-is, you (sing.) must sweat in working so-that there will be what you (pl.) will eat until you (sing.) return to the soil. Because you (sing.) came-from soil, and when you (sing.) die, soil just the same is what you (sing.) will-turn-into.'” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Until you join the earth [pass away in the earth] you will have to eat, streaming sweat and blood. For you have been made from earth. you are earth, and you will become earth.'” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (sing.) will-need to work/labor very-hard/[lit. hard-hard] so you (sing.) can-eat, until you (sing.) return to the land/soil/ground where you (sing.) came-from. Because you (sing.) came-from the soil/land/ground, so you (sing.) will- also- return to the soil/land/ground.'” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “All your life you will sweat as you work hard to produce food to eat. Then you will die, and your body will be buried in the ground. I made you from soil, so when you die and are buried your body will decay and become soil again.'” (Source: Translation for Translators)