Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 14:4)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:4:

  • Kupsabiny: “So, I will stir up that ruler to follow you. I will defeat him and his soldiers intensively/completely. This will make me be respected very much. The Egyptians will know that I am God.’ The Israelites did as they had been told.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I will harden Pharaoh’s heart and he will chase after you, but I will get victory over Pharaoh and his armies, and I will be glorified then the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord’. Now the Israelites did just as they had been told.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “And I will-harden his heart and he will-chase you (plur.). But I will-destroy him and his soldiers. In this way I will-be-honored, and the Egiptohanon will-know that I (am) the LORD.’ So the Israelinhon did this.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But I will make so that the great chief of the Isip people is unwavering and insistent yet, and so he will run in pursuit of them. And I will surpass him in fighting, together with his people of fighting. And in the action which I will perform, people are going to lift up my name. And so the Isip people will know well that I am the Chief.’ Okay, therefore the Israel people followed that talk of Moses’.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And I will make his heart it be hard, in order that he might follow you [your direction]. But, I will conquer them with his army, and they will call my name with it, in order that Egyptians will see it that I am Yahweh.»
    Therefore, that which God said, people of Israel did it.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “But I will make the king stubborn again, and he will take his army and pursue you. Then my people will praise/thank me for winning a victory over the king and his army. And the Egyptians will know that I, Yahweh, have the power to do what I say that I will do.’ So Moses/I told my people that, and they did what he/I told them to do.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:5)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:5:

  • Kupsabiny: “When the ruler was told that the Israelites had escaped, he changed his minds together with his leaders and said that, ‘Now what is this that we have done? Why have we allowed the Israelites to go, so now we lack people of work?’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When the king of Egypt came to know that they had fled, Pharaoh and his officials changed their minds and they said, ‘What have we done"? We have let them go instead of making them our slaves.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the king of Egipto heard-the-news that the Israelinhon had-fled, his thinking changed and his officials (thinking changed) about the leaving of the Israelinhon. They said, ‘What have- we (incl.) -done? Why did- we (incl.) -let- the Israelinhon -go? Now we (incl.) do- not -have slaves.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And the great chief of the Isip people heard talk that the Israel people fled and went, therefore he together with his leaders changed their minds back again and so were ill disposed toward the Israel people and so said, ‘Why is it that we (incl.) allowed the Israel people to go? Today who will do our work?’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When they told going of people of Israel for king of Egypt, thought his and thoughts of chiefs of his servants, it changed. They said «What is it that we (incl.) did for it thus? And we (incl.) let go people of Israel go, there is no ones who will do for us (incl.) service.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “When someone told the king that the Israeli people had left during the night, he and his officials changed their minds and said, ‘What have we done?/What we have done was stupid! The Israeli people will no longer be our slaves!’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:6)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:6:

  • Kupsabiny: “Then, that ruler prepared his war chariots wanting to take soldiers (along).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “So he had his chariot and army made ready.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “So the king had- his chariot -prepared and his soldiers.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “They talked like that and when it was done, then the great chief of the Isip people took his karis and then called his people of fighting.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Therefore, he prepared chariot of horse his with his army [body].” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “So the king got his chariot and his army ready.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:7)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:7:

  • Kupsabiny: “He prepared six hundred chariots of/for fierce/expert and powerful soldiers and again many other fierce soldiers in/from that land.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “He made ready six hundred of the best chariots along with all the other chariots of Egypt with officials over all of them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “He brought 600 of the best chariots of Egipto and other chariots. Each chariot was managed by an official.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And he took his six hundred (600) good karises for fighting, together with all the people of fighting in Isip, and each one of his [subordinate] leaders were running with them.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And he selected chariot of horse which be 600 which be good, putting three people on one, its driver and soldier and chief. And chariot of horse of Egypt other, he took it also.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Then he selected 600 of the best chariots, and in each chariot he placed a driver, a soldier, and a commander, and they left. Other chariots, with a driver and a soldier in each of them, also went along.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:8)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:8:

  • Kupsabiny: “God hardened the head of that ruler of Egypt. They followed behind (the) Israelites who were going in braveness/confidence.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh the king of Egypt and He began to chase after the traveling Israelites without fear.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The LORD hardened the heart of Faraon the king of Egipto, so he chased the Israelinhon who were-walking-out/-leaving with boldness/courage.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And Chief God made the great chief of the Isip people to be unwavering and insistent yet, and so they ran in pursuit of the Israel people. Those Israel people had walked and left Isip yet they weren’t afraid of the Isip people.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And The Lord made heart of king it might be hard, let him follow people of Israel who were going celebrating.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Because Yahweh made the king of Egypt so stubborn that he and his army went to pursue the Israelis, who were leaving triumphantly,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:9)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:9:

  • Kupsabiny: “The soldiers of Egypt of chariots which were pulled by horses and those who rode horses and those who went by foot followed (them). They went until they came near to those Israelites at the Red Sea where they had stretched their tents at Pi-hahiroth opposite Baal-zephon.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Then the Egyptian soldiers Pharaoh’s horses and chariots horsemen and troops chased after the Israelites. And they found them when they camped by the sea near Pi-Hahiroth opposite Baal-Zephon.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The Egiptohanon who accompanied/went-with in chasing were the soldiers of the king along with his horse riders/[those-who-ride-or-drive-horses] that ride on horses and chariots. They caught-up with the Israelinhon to the place-where- they -camped at the edge of the Red Sea near Pi Hahirot, in-front of Baal Zefon.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And so the Isip people’s oses and karises for fighting and karis owners (lit. fathers) and other people of fighting ran in pursuit of the Israel people and so they drew near to their camp there close to the edge of the ocean in Piairot village, on the opposite side from Balsepon village.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Therefore, army of Egypt all (horse of king, and chariot of horse his, and horsemen, and army which were going foot down) they followed people of Israel, found them at the place where they wait there at edge of water at side of city Pi-Hahiroth with Baal-Zephon.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “the Egyptian army, with all the king’s horses and chariots and horsemen, pursued the Israelis. They caught up with them as they were camped near the sea, close to Pi-Hahiroth, in front of Baal-Zephon town.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:10:

  • Kupsabiny: “When that ruler had come near to those people, the Israelites saw that the Egyptians had come near to them, (and they) became very afraid and cried to God to defend them.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “The Israelites saw Pharaoh and his soldier coming toward them and they were terrified and cried out to the Lord.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “As the king and his soldiers were-approaching, the Israelinhon saw them. Therefore the Israelinhon were very afraid/terrified and they asked-for help from the LORD.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “The great chief of the Isip people together with his people were running and approaching the Israel people, and the Israel people looked up, and then they saw the Isip people coming steadily and appear. Therefore they were greatly afraid and so they desperately cried to the Chief.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When king came near to them with his army, people of Israel saw them afar, they were coming to attack them. And [body] they feared, they begged The Lord.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “When the king’s army got near, the Israeli people were surprised to see that the Egyptians were marching toward them. They were terrified; so they cried out to Yahweh to help them.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 14:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 14:11:

  • Kupsabiny: “Those Israelites said to Moses that, ‘Were there really no graves in Egypt so that you brought us to die here in this wilderness? What is this you have done to us, taking us away from Egypt?” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “They said to Moses,’ Was it because there were no graves in Egypt that you brought us to the desert to die? What have you done to us by bringing us out of Egypt?” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “They said to Moises, ‘Why did- you (sing.) -bring us (excl.) here in the desolate-place in-order-to die? Are there no graves/burial-places in Egipto? Why did you (sing.) bring- us (excl.) -out of Egipto?” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And then they spoke to Moses like this, ‘What were you doing bringing us (excl.) to come to this desolate area? Did you think that the Isip area didn’t have many tombs, and so you brought us to come die in this desolate area? [It’s] good for us [to have] lived in Isip and died.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “They said to Moses «What is it that you take [this direction] for it us (excl.) this wilderness, [that] we (excl.) might come die for it here? Is it reason that grave be absent [in] Egypt? What is it that you do to us (excl.) like this that you took [this direction] for it us (excl.) out from Egypt?” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Then they said to Moses/me, ‘Is it because there were no places in Egypt where we could be buried that you have brought us here to die in this desert ? Look what you have done to us by bringing us out of Egypt !” (Source: Translation for Translators)