Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Exodus 13:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:10:

  • Kupsabiny: “You must do this celebration in every year on (the) assigned day.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “This (emph.) festival is to be celebrated every year at the appointed.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Therefore you (plur.) are-to-celebrate this feast at the appointed time each year.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “You must be following this law each and every year on this day.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Therefore, you shall remember this day which I put down thus, by year by year.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “So you must celebrate this festival every year at the time Yahweh has appointed.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:11:

  • Kupsabiny: “When it has happened that God makes you to reach that land of the Canaanites and gives (it to) you as he promised to your forefathers vowing to them,” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “After the Lord will have brought you into the land of the Canaanites and given it to you as he swore to you and to your forefathers” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘When/If the LORD now indeed brings you (plur.) into the land of Canaanhon that he swore to-give to your (plur.) ancestors and to you (plur.),” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “Moses spoke again like this, ‘The Chief will bring you so that you go to the land of the Kenan people. He will give that land to become yours, just as he promised about to you and to your ancestors before.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When Yahweh will take you country of Canaanites, which he will give you it as he swore in former times for ancestors your,” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “Yahweh will bring you into the land where the descendants of Canaan live, just as he promised you and your ancestors that he would do. When he gives that land to you,” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:12)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:12:

  • Kupsabiny: “you must set aside/dedicate to God every firstborn male/boy. Set aside/dedicate all even if it is a young bull, he-goat or ram of your animals that is firstborn.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Dedicate the first-born male child to the Lord. All the firstborn males of your animals belong to the Lord.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “you (plur.) are-to-dedicate to the LORD your (plur.) first-born males, whether man/human or animal, for they belong to the LORD.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “And when he brings you so that you go live there and it’s done, you must place all your firstborn male children up into the Chief‘s authority (lit. hand), because he put a taboo/mark of ownership on them. And he placed a taboo also on the firstborn children of your tame animals, for they exist as the Chief‘s own.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “you must leave firstborn children your for Yahweh. From livestock your all, its firstborn male children, you must give Yahweh.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “you must dedicate to Yahweh the firstborn males of all your animals. These all will belong to Yahweh.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:13)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:13:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/but the firstborns of donkeys, exchange (them) with rams. And/But if you do not exchange, break (the) necks. And/But if a person(man) does not want to set aside/dedicate his firstborn son, let him give out money which may bring back/redeem (the child).” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Redeem with a lamb every firstborn donkey but if you do not redeem it break its neck. You are to redeem your firstborn male child.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The first-born of your (plur.) donkeys can be-redeemed from the LORD through exchanging it with a lamb. But if you (plur.) do- not -redeem it, the donkey must be-killed by breaking its neck. You (plur.) should also redeem your (plur.) first-born males children/(sons).” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But you must offer a sipsip for straightening [the violation of] the taboo which he placed upon your donki’s firstborn child. But if you don’t want to offer a sipsip for straightening that donki’s taboo, you must break that donki’s neck. And you must make an offering for straightening [the violation of] your firstborn male children’s taboo.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “And firstborn male of donkey, you shall take its place with male of sheep/goats, or you shall break donkey neck. And children firstborn males your, you take place their with male of sheep/goats.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “You may keep the firstborn male donkeys, but you must buy them back by sacrificing a lamb as a substitute for the donkey. If you do not want to buy back the donkey, you must kill it by breaking its neck. You must also buy back every one of your own firstborn sons.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:14:

  • Kupsabiny: “In the coming days, when his son asks a person(man) concerning those things, tell him that, ‘God brought us in his power/authority to come from the land of Egypt where we were slaves.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When your sons ask you ‘what is the meaning of this?’ Say to them ‘with his power filled hand the Lord brought us out of the land of Egypt, where we had been enslaved.’” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “Later-on when your (plur.) children ask why you (plur.) are-doing this, tell them that, ‘By the power of God he brought- us (excl.) -out of Egipto where we had-been slaves.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “‘And later, when your children ask you and so say, ‘What is the meaning of this practice?’ then tell them, ‘Previously the Isip people restrained us (incl.) and so we did laborer work for them. But the Chief‘s power was great and so he brought us so that we left that area and came.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “During years which will come, when your son will ask you ‹This and means be what?› you answer for him it ‹Yahweh took away us (incl.) out from Egypt, from the place where we (incl.) be slave there, with his power.” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “In the future, when one of your children asks, ‘What does this mean?’, you must say to him, ‘Yahweh brought our ancestors out of Egypt with his great power , and freed us from being slaves there.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:15:

  • Kupsabiny: “When the ruler/king hardened his head, he denied us to leave that land, (and) God killed all the firstborns of people and animals in that land. That is what makes us to give God a firstborn young bull, ram or he-goat (and) exchanging (them) for our firstborn sons.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When Pharaoh stubbornly refused to let us go, the Lord killed all the firstborn male men and animals in Egypt. Therefore we sacrifice all the firstborn male animals to the Lord and redeem our firstborn son with giving money.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the king still did- not -allow us to go/leave, the LORD killed all the first-born males in Egipto, whether man/human or animal. That is why we (excl.) dedicate to the LORD all the first-born males of our (excl.) animals and we (excl.) redeem our (excl.) first-born male children/(sons).’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “But the great chief of the Isip people was unwavering and refused to listen and so he didn’t allow us to go, therefore Chief God killed all the firstborn children of the Isip people. And he killed the firstborn children of their tame animals also. For this reason we strike/kill the firstborn children of the tame animals to be an offering to the Chief. But we make another offering for straightening [the violation of] the taboo upon our (incl.) firstborn children.” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When king of Egypt impeded us (incl.) from going out, firstborn males of Egyptians and firstborn males of animal their, Yahweh killed them all. That is why we (incl.) give for it Yahweh firstborn males of animal our (incl.), that is what we (incl.) replace for it place of firstborn males our (incl.) with males of sheep/goats.›” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “The king of Egypt stubbornly refused to let them leave his country, so Yahweh killed all the firstborn males in Egypt, both the boys and the firstborn of their livestock. That is why we now sacrifice to Yahweh all the firstborn of our livestock, but we buy back our own firstborn sons.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:16:

  • Kupsabiny: “This law/tradition will be like a mark/sign that one ties on the hand or it is tied on the forehead so that it it will remind us how/when God brought us from the land of Egypt in his power/authority.’” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “Celebrating this festival is like sign on your hand and forehead to remember that God has brought us (incl.) out of Egypt by the power of his hand.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “This ceremony (is) just-like a mark on your (plur.) hands or on your (plur.) foreheads that will-remind you (plur.) that the LORD brought- you (plur.) -out of Egipto by his power.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “We (incl.) follow this practice in order to remember the Chief‘s power in bringing us so that we left Isip and came. This practice is like a sign which we tie onto our hand and our head to remind us (lit. re-establish our eyes) of these deeds of his.’ ’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “Therefore, this will be present as signs which be present hand your and forehead your. It will show it that Yahweh took us (incl.) out from Egypt with his power.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “I repeat that this ritual will remind you about how Yahweh brought our ancestors out of Egypt by his great power ; it will be like something you tie on your wrist or on your forehead to remind you of that.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Exodus 13:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Exodus 13:17:

  • Kupsabiny: “And/But when the ruler/king of Egypt allowed the Israelites to go, God did not lead them by the road of/to the land of Philistines although that one was near. He did like that because if those people might face war, it could turn their minds and (they could) return to Egypt.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “When Pharaoh let the people go, God did not lead them on the road through the Philistine country, though that was shorter. For God said,’ If they see the battle they might change their minds and return to Egypt.’ That is why God did like that (not lead them the short route)” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “When the king let- the Israelinhon -go, God did- not -lead them on the road going-towards the land of the Filistinhon even-though that was the short-cut road/way. For God said, ‘If there-is a war that the Israelinhon face, (they) might-change their minds and they might-return to Egipto.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Bariai: “The great chief of the Isip people allowed the Israel people to go and it was done, but God didn’t bring them to follow the road’s short [way] along the beach in the Pilistia area. For he spoke in his mind like this, ‘Lest they see another tribe make a fight against them, and so they change their minds and then return back and go to Isip.’” (Source: Bariai Back Translation)
  • Opo: “When king of Egypt released people of Israel [that] they might go, even if be road which goes country of people of Philistia that be close, God not them there took, because he said «If they will go find war at that place, maybe thoughts their will change, and they will return Egypt.»” (Source: Opo Back Translation)
  • English: “When the king of Egypt let the Israeli people go, God did not lead them to go through the land of the Philistines. That was a shorter way, but God said, ‘It would be bad if my people change their minds when they realize that they will have to fight the Philistines to take their land, and then decide to return to Egypt.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)