Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Hosea 1:14)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:4:

  • Kupsabiny: “I led them along with a rope of
    love and compassion.
    I was like a person who removed the yoke from their necks
    and fed them.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I drew them with cords of
    human kindness and love.
    I lifted the yoke from their neck
    and bent down to feed them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I led them with love like the love of a man/person to his cow. As-if like I took the yoke from their neck and stooped to feed them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “When-I-led them, I showed my mercy/kindness and love. I can-be-compared to a person who holds- a baby -against his cheek. I bent-down to feed them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “It was as though I fastened ropes around them to lead them,
    while I loved them and was kind to them.
    It was as though they were young oxen ,
    and I lifted the yoke from their necks and bent down to feed them.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 1:15)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:5:

  • Kupsabiny: “They shall never return to Egypt as slaves
    but the people of Assyria shall rule them
    because they did not want to repent.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “‘Since my people did not obey and come back to me
    they will have to go back to the land of Egypt
    and the Assyrians will rule over them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “But because they do not want to return to me, surely they will-return to Egipto, and Asiria will-rule-over them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘They will-return in-the-future to Egipto and those-from-Assyria will rule-over them, because they refuse to return to me.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “But the people of Israel will become slaves again,
    like they were in Egypt,
    and the people of Assyria will rule over them,
    because the people of Israel refused to repent.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 1:16)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:6:

  • Kupsabiny: “A battle will sound in their cities
    and it will overthrow/destroy the false prophets.
    Those people will be finished because of their bad plans.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “There will be war in their city,
    their main gates will be broken down,
    and their plans will be destroyed.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “The enemies will-attack their towns and destroy the bars of its gates. The enemies will-destroy their plans.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There-will-be war in their cities and their enemies will destroy the entrances of their cities and kill them. This will happen because what they believed was bad advice.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Their enemies will use their swords to attack the cities in Israel
    and will destroy the bars in the gates of the city walls.
    As a result, the people of Israeli will not be able to accomplish the things that they planned to do.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 1:17)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:7:

  • Kupsabiny: “My people truly wants to refuse me.
    They look to me but surely, I am not helping them.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “My people insist on turning away from me.
    Even though they call me the Most High,
    I will not honor them.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “They who (are) my people are-determined to turn-away from me. Therefore even-if they will-call upon me in unity I will- not -save them.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Truly they persist in turning-their-backs on me. Even-though how-many ways/occasions the prophets advise them to return to me the Highest God, they nevertheless do not acknowledge-me.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “My people are determined to turn away from/abandon me.
    They say that I am the great all-powerful God,
    but they do not honor me at all.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 1:18)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:8:

  • Kupsabiny: “But how can I be refusing you, oh Ephraim?
    How can I discard you, oh Israel?
    How can I punish you
    like I punished the city of Admah,
    and/or like I punished the city of Zeboyim?
    My stomach does not accept me to do like that
    because the love I have for you (plur.) is strong/heavy.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “O Ephraim, how can I abandon you?
    O Israel, how can I hand you over into the hands of the wicked?
    How can I wipe you out like Admah?
    How can I destroy you like Zeboiim?
    My heart is completely torn up within me.
    My heart is full of compassion. ” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘Those- (who) -come-from-Israel, I can- not -reject you (plur.) or just leave (you) alone. I can- not -completely destroy you (plur.) like what I did to the towns of Admah/[Adma] and Zeboim. My feeling can- not -endure that I will-do this to you (plur.). I pity you (plur.) so much.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “‘Israel, am I perhaps able-to-endure handing- you (sing.) -over to your (sing.) enemies? Am I perhaps able-to-endure abandoning you (sing.)? Can I actually (RQ implies no) destroy you (sing.) like Adma and Zeboiim (marker indicates these are place names)? Here-now I repent. I-now-realize I am not able-to-do-it because of my extreme mercy/kindness.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “You people of Israel, I certainly do not want to abandon you
    and allow your enemies to capture you.
    I do not want to act toward you like I acted toward Admah and Zeboiim,
    cities that I completely destroyed when I destroyed Sodom.
    I have changed my mind about punishing you;
    my desire to pity you has increased.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 1:19)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:9:

  • Kupsabiny: “I shall withhold my very bitter anger.
    Never shall I destroy Ephraim completely,
    because I am God
    and I am not just like a person.
    I am righteous towards you (plur.)
    and I do not come to you (plur.) in anger.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “I won’t do anything with my fierce anger,
    I will not completely destroy Ephraim again.
    Because I am God, not a man,
    I, the most holy God, am with you,
    I will not come to you in fierce anger.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “I will- no-longer -show my great anger; I will- no -longer destroy Israel, for I (am) God and not man. I (am) the Holy God who is-with you (plur.), and I will- not -go to you (plur.) in anger.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “I will not cause-myself-to-be-defeated by my extreme anger and I will not again destroy Israel (the place), because I am of-course God not a person. I am holy who am in/with you and I will not come to show my anger.’” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • English: “Although I am extremely angry,
    I do not want to punish you severely;
    I do not want to devastate/completely ruin Israel.
    Humans would easily decide to do that,
    but I am God, not a human.
    I, the Holy One, am with you;
    although I am very angry with you, I will not destroy you.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 11:10)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:10:

  • Kupsabiny: “When I roar like a lion, my people shall follow me.
    When I call, my children will come from the West trembling.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “They will follow the Lord,
    and he will roar like a lion.
    When he roars,
    his people will come trembling from the west.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “‘You (plur.) will-follow me in times that I will-roar like a lion. Very surely I will-roar, and you (plur.) will-hurry going-home from the west.” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “You will follow me when I roar like a lion;
    when I roar, some of you my children will tremble as you return to Israel from the islands and seacoasts toward the west.” (Source: Translation for Translators)

complete verse (Hosea 11:11)

Following are a number of back-translations as well as a sample translation for translators of Hosea 11:11:

  • Kupsabiny: “They will come from Egypt with trembling like a bird
    and come from Assyria like doves.
    I will make them live/stay in their homes.” (Source: Kupsabiny Back Translation)
  • Newari: “They will come from Egypt,
    scared and trembling like sparrows,
    and from Assyria like doves.
    I will give them their own dwellings to live in,"
    says the LORD.” (Source: Newari Back Translation)
  • Hiligaynon: “You (plur.) will-arrive swiftly like the birds from Egipto or like the doves from Asiria. I will-cause- you (plur.) again -to- dwell/live in your (plur.) houses. I, the LORD, (am) the-(one) saying this.’” (Source: Hiligaynon Back Translation)
  • English: “Some of you will come swiftly from Egypt
    like a flock of birds;
    others will return from Assyria, like doves.
    I will enable you to live in your homes in Israel again.
    That will surely happen, because I, Yahweh, have said it.’” (Source: Translation for Translators)