The commonly-used German idiom auf Herz und Nieren prüfen (literally “to check the heart and the kidneys”), which today is primarily used meaning “check someone or something very carefully,” was made popular in 1534 in the German Bible translation by Martin Luther. (Source: Redewendungen aus der Bibel )
For other idioms or terms in German that were coined by Bible translation, see here.
See also searches minds and hearts.