dispute

The Greek in Luke 22:24 that is translated as “dispute” in English had to be translated in Central Yupik with a term that “emphasizes wanting to get credit rather than avoiding blame” since Yupik had several terms for “dispute” with different emphases.

has made him known

The Greek in John 1:18 that is translated as “has made him known” in English had to be specified more in Tojolabal. Here the knowing consists “goodness” and “blessing.”

baptize with the Holy Spirit

The Greek that is translated in English as “baptize with the Holy Spirit” is translated in Ixcatlán Mazatec as “(baptize so that) the Holy Spirit will come upon/enter you” (source: Robert Bascom) and in Mairasi as “wash with the Holy Spirit” (“water” baptism is “wash with water”) (source: Enggavoter 2004).

Other languages translate as follows:

  • Rincón Zapotec: “be baptized with the Holy Spirit the Holy Spirit will come to be with you”
  • Teutila Cuicatec: “God’s Holy Spirit will possess you”
  • Chuj: “God’s Spirit will be given to you”
  • Mezquital Otomi: “be baptized with the power of the Holy Spirit”
  • Mayo: “receive the Holy Spirit in the same way you receive baptism”
  • Lalana Chinantec: “the Great Spirit will enter your hearts” (Source for this and above: Viola Waterhouse in Notes on Translation August 1966, p. 86ff.)

See also Holy Spirit and baptism / baptize.

judgment

The Greek in Romans 2:3 that is translated as “judgment” in English is translated in Kekchí as “punishment” (not just deciding between good and bad).

in their paths

The Greek in Romans 3:16 that is translated “(ruin and misery are) in their paths (or: ways)” is translated in Ixcatlán Mazatec as “(ruin and misery are) the path behind them” (as they caused the problems).