complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:5)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:5:

  • Uma: “The suffering that Kristus got, much of that also we (excl.) get. But much also is the strength of heart that we (excl.) get from Kristus.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “Because our (excl.) being persecuted is great like the persecution of Almasi, God’s helping us (excl.) is also great because of Almasi.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Even though we have to suffer great difficulty because we’ve been made one with Christ, also because of Christ, God’s help to us is big.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Because the manyness of our being-hardshipped like the sufferings of Cristo, exactly the same is the bigness of what God uses-to-help us because of our being-united with Cristo.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “For this is the truth, no matter how many are the hardships we endure because of our being united/tied-together with Cristo, much more plentiful is the comfort of mind/inner-being that we receive because of our being united/tied-together with him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “When we suffer much like what suffering Christ went through, yet Christ will abundantly comfort our hearts then.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “Because just as we have more than enough of His sufferings in the same way we have more than enough of that which is Christ’s means of comfort.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:6)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:6:

  • Uma: “If we (excl.) get suffering, God uses-it-as-a-road so that we (excl.) can strengthen your hearts, relatives, so that you get goodness [salvation], for you also get sufferings like what we (excl.) get. So, when God strengthens our (excl.) hearts in our (excl.) sufferings, he will also strengthen your hearts, so that you will endure in suffering.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “We (excl.) endure persecution so that we (excl.) can encourage you and so that you will be saved. We (excl.) are/were helped by God so that you will also be included in his help. So then you really persevere enduring trouble like the trouble that we (excl.) are experiencing.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “When God allows us (excl.) to suffer hardship, the reason he allows us to suffer is so that you might be better off and that you might be given eternal life. And in the same way also, when we (excl.) are helped by God, this comes to be also His help for you. And by means of this, He strengthens your faith so that you also may be able to endure difficulty just like we are caused to endure.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore the hardship that we (excl.) experience leads to the strengthening of your minds and your salvation, and the comfort moreover that we (excl.) experience leads to our (excl.) knowing-how to comfort you in our (incl.) difficulties so that you will be able to endure them.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Well since it’s like that, even though we (excl.) are hardshipped because of this responsibility of ours(excl.) of teaching, this is for your benefit and salvation. And because God comforts us, we can also comfort you so that you also will endure the hardships with a good mind/inner-being that you are experiencing, just like us also.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “I am suffering now in order that I can comfort your hearts and your souls will be saved. When God comforts my heart, then you can find out how also your hearts will be comforted and your souls will be saved. Because when you go through the suffering like I have gone through, I want that you endure well all the suffering you must go through.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “But if we should be in trouble, it will turn out for your comfort and good, which will be made to become good for you when patiently you bear that same trouble which we also suffer. However, if we are comforted, it also is just that it might result in your comfort and good.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:7)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:7:

  • Uma: “That’s why our (excl.) hearts are not uncertain about you, we (excl.) know that you will indeed endure in sufferings. For we (excl.) know that you get sufferings the same as we (excl.) do, and God will definitely strengthen your hearts the same as [he strengthens] us (excl.).” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “So then we (excl.) don’t have two-thoughts/doubts about you. We (excl.) know that because you are like us (excl.) suffering trouble, you will also be helped by God as he helped us (excl.).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And because of this, our trust in you is strengthened because we know that when you are enduring difficulty, just like we endured it, in the same way also you are helped by God, just like He helped us also.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Therefore big is our (excl.) hope in you, for we (excl.) know that if you join-in-experiencing our (excl.) hardships, you will also join-in-experiencing God’s helping us (excl.).” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “That is why our (excl.) hope concerning you is firm, because we (excl.) know that even if you experience also the hardhips that we are enduring, God will also comfort you, just like (he does) us.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “And now I am assured that your faith will come out well. Because I know that when you have suffered like I have, God also will comfort your hearts like he comforts my heart.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “Also our hope is in you that it will be so. We know very well that as you share with us in our suffering, in the same way you will share with us in our comfort the same as we do.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:8)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:8:

  • Uma: “Relatives, so that you know, the difficulties that hit us (excl.) in the propinsi of Asia were so severe. The difficulties were very heavy, more than our (excl.) ability, with the result that our (excl.) hearts became discouraged [lit., lessened], we (excl.) said there’s no way we (excl.) are going to live. [Uma idiom that cannot be translated literally]” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “My brothers, we (excl.) want to tell you about the trouble that we (excl.) experienced there in the place Asiya. We (excl.) were really in very great difficulty (tight) we (excl.) almost could not endure it. We (excl.) did not expect to live.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “We want you to know, brothers, about the big trouble that we had when we were in the province of Asia. We suffered a very severe testing which we thought we could not endure; that’s why we thought it would be the death of us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “You brothers, we (excl.) want you to know the excessive hardship/difficulty/suffering (same range of meaning throughout book) that we (excl.) experienced in the province Asia. We (excl.) were extremely burdened by that hardship until we (excl.) were not able-to-endure it and we (excl.) already had no hope that we (excl.) would live.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Siblings in believing, we (excl.) will tell you about the hardships that we (excl.) experienced in Asia. What we (excl.) experienced was really horrendous (lit. truly very-far-from-ordinary). We (excl.) really no longer had any assurance that we would still be alive.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Listen my brothers, concerning the places in the land of Asia, I want that you know that I suffered much there. Very much did I live in suffering, I thought that I couldn’t endure all the suffering I was going through. Because I was about to be killed.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “Brethren, because we do not want you not to understand the reason for our sufferings which came upon us there in Asia. It was terrible what we bore; we were no longer able to bear it, to the point of thinking we would die.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:9)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:9:

  • Uma: “We (excl.) said: ‘We (incl.) are certainly going to die now.’ But this happened so that we (excl.) would not trust/hope in our (excl.) own strength, we (excl.) would trust/hope only in God, for he is the one who causes-to-live again the dead [people].” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “We (excl.) thought-mistakenly that that was already our (excl.) death. But the reason why that was sent to us (excl.) was so that we (excl.) would not trust in ourselves but so that we (excl.) would trust only in God, the one who makes the dead alive.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “It seemed as if that would be the end of our life, but the reason this happened to us was so that we might not trust our own wisdom, but rather we might trust God, the one who raises dead people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The truth of it is that we (excl.) thought that our (excl.) time-of-death had already arrived. But that happened so it would not be ourselves (excl.) in which we (excl.) trusted, but rather God who is-able to make-alive those who die.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “We (excl.) mistakenly-thought that our allotted-life-span had ended. Apparently, we (excl.) only had like that happen to us so that we would not trust in our own ability, but rather only in the supernatural-power of God, he who is the raiser-to-life of even the dead.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “What I thought was that it was decided that I was to be killed. But concerning what I suffered, it was so that I could even more search for God to save me. Because God is able even to resurrect the dead. I am not able to search how to save myself.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “But that finally we were expecting death in order that we might not trust in ourselves but in God who makes the dead to live again.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:10)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:10:

  • Uma: “So, relatives, he did release us (excl.) from those severe difficulties yesterday, to the point that we (excl.) didn’t die after all. And he will also release us (excl.) from the difficulties that happen now. And we (excl.) trust/hope he will release us (excl.) from difficulties that will happen in the coming days.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “At that time we (excl.) were brought out/freed by him from the danger of almost being killed and he will also bring us (excl.) out in the future. We (excl.) just trust God that he will bring us (excl.) out/free us.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And God helped us and strengthened us, that’s why we escaped and we were not killed; and we know that He will continue to help us (excl.). Our trust is very great that He will not stop helping us.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “And he truly did save/rescue us (excl.) from our (excl.) fearful hardships, and he will save us (excl.) in-the-future. He is the one in-whom-we (excl.) continually -hope that he will continue to save us (excl.),” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “He really saved us (excl.) from the death that we were facing. And we (excl.) are absolutely certain that he will continue to save us from everything life-threatening that keeps happening.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But God truly saved me at the time I was about to be killed. And until now he helps me. And I am assured that as I continue to suffer, he will continue to save me.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “The one who saved us from our troubles, will in the same way save us again. This is the one in whom we have confidence and hope that he will save us again.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

complete verse (2 Corinthians 1:11)

Following are a number of back-translations of 2 Corinthians 1:11:

  • Uma: “And you also, relatives, must hold-us (excl.)-up with your prayers. For if many people pray for us (excl.), God will bless us (excl.), with the result that many people will say thank you to God.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And you can also help us (excl.) if you pray/request to God for us (excl.). If many of you pray/request to God for us (excl.) and when God gives what you ask, then many will give thanks to him because of his help to us (excl.).” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And it’s necessary that you also help us by praying, and then it will be possible that many will give thanks to God because of His favor toward us, because of the praying of many people.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “provided you help with your prayers. And if you do that, God will answer your many prayers and will bless us (excl.), and many will give-thanks to him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But we (excl.) are asking that you will also continue your help to us in prayer. For if many are praying, after the answers, of course many will then praise and thank God because of his help to us.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “But it is necessary that you help me now by praying to God for me. If many people pray to God for me, then many people will thank God when they see how God blesses me.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)
  • Highland Totonac: “Help me with your prayers in order that thus many will give thanks to God because of the mercies which he would show toward us because of many.” (Source: Herman Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

Father (address for God)

The Greek that is translated with the capitalized “Father” in English when referring to God is translated in Highland Totonac with the regular word for (biological) father to which a suffix is added to indicate respect. The same also is used for “Lord” when referring to Jesus. (Source: Hermann Aschmann in The Bible Translator 1950, p. 171ff. )

Click or tap here to see the rest of this insight.

Like a number of other East Asian languages, Japanese uses a complex system of honorifics, i.e. a system where a number of different levels of politeness are expressed in language via words, word forms or grammatical constructs. These can range from addressing someone or referring to someone with contempt (very informal) to expressing the highest level of reference (as used in addressing or referring to God) or any number of levels in-between. In the widely-used Japanese Shinkaiyaku (新改訳) Bible of 2017, God the Father is addressed with mi-chichi (御父). This form has the “divine” honorific prefix mi– preceding the archaic honorific form chichi for “father.”

If, however, Jesus addresses his Father, he is using chichi-o (父を) which is also highly respectful but does not have the “divine” honorific. (Source: S. E. Doi, see also S. E. Doi in Journal of Translation, 18/2022, p. 37ff. )

See also Lord and my / our Father.