Language-specific Insights

complete verse (Revelation 21:23)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:23:

  • Uma: “That village did not need to be shined-on by the sun or the moon. Because the shining of God himself shone-on the village, and the Lamb is the one who made-it-bright.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “And there in that city they have no need for the light of the sun or the moon because the brightness of God gives light to them and their lamp is the Sheep.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The light of the sun and the moon is not necessary there to illuminate because that city is illuminated by the powerful shiningness of God, and the young sheep is the lamp there.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Neither is the brightness of the sun and moon necessary, because the city is illuminated with the radiance of God and the Sheep.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “It really is no longer necessary for the sun and moon to give light in that city, because the glory of God is what gives light there, and the one referred to as Young Sheep, he is the like-a-lamp.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There at the city, there is no need for the light of the sun or the light of the moon in order to light it. Because God and the Lamb give light to all the city.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:24)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:24:

  • Uma: “All the people in the world walked in the its/his light, and the kings of the earth carried their wealth into that village.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The brightness in that city gives light to all people walking on earth and all the kings of the earth will bring their riches into that city.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “All the people on the face of the earth are illuminated by the light of that city, and the kings of the kingdoms on the earth bring their wealth into the city.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The people on the earth, they will be illuminated by its brightness, and all rulers, they will take their wealth to enter-with-it there.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “All the people here in the world will be illuminated by this light coming from the city. All the kings here under the heavens will bring what-brings- them -glory to this city, for it will then bring glory to God.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Among the nations, all the people who live in them are lightened by the light which comes from the city. Rulers all over the world, concerning all that they have, they go to the city to deliver it over to God. This is how they show that they revere God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:25)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:25:

  • Uma: “The doors of the village were open continually all day long, there was never any time they were shut [lit., there was not its being shut], because there was no longer any night.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “The doors of that city are open all day long. They are never closed because there will be no night there.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The gates of the city are never closed at any time, because when it’s daytime they are open and there is no night there.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “All the entrances of the town are always open, because they are-never -closed in the daytime and it absolutely never becomes-night.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The gates of this city are always open because it won’t become night/dark any more there.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “The gates of the city are open all the day. For there is no night there.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:26)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:26:

  • Uma: “All people carried their honor/respect and their wealth into that village.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “All that makes the tribes famous and their wealth will be brought into that city.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The expensive possessions and wealth of all the kingdoms on the earth are brought into the city.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “The wealth and nature-of-honor (i.e. what they are honored for) of the collective-people in the collective-towns/countries will be taken there.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “The wealth and glory of all nations will really be brought into that city.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “All of the people who live in all the nations, concerning all that they have, they bring it to the city to deliver it over to God. Thus they honor God.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 21:27)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 21:27:

  • Uma: “But whatever was dirty or people who commit evil or who lie, they were certainly not allowed to enter into it. The ones who could enter, [were] just the people whose names were written in the Book of the Lamb, the book writing-place of the names of those who receive good life forever.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “But nothing unclean will enter that city. Nobody doing shameful things or who lies will enter there. Only those will enter that city whose names are written in the book belonging to the Sheep, that is the book for listing the names of the people who have life without end.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “But nothing bad or any who teach lies or a person who worships idols is allowed to enter. The only ones who can enter there are the people whose names are listed in the book of the young sheep where are listed those people who are given eternal life.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “But absolutely no one can-enter whom God considers filthy such as the one who does what is shameful and the liar, because only those whose names are written in the book of the Sheep in which are listed those who have life that has no end will be able to enter.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “But really nothing at all can get in there which is disgusting in God’s sight, none who do shameful things or anyone who is a liar, but rather only those whose names are written in that in which are written as many as will be given life which has no ending, this writing being in the custody/care of this one referred to as Young Sheep.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “There at the city, no evil will come into it. The people who have walked in evil will not enter it. Neither will the people who speak lies enter. Concerning the people who will enter it, they are the people whose names are written down in the book carried by the Lamb. Because concerning this book, there are written down the names of the people who encounter the new life.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 22:1)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 22:1:

  • Uma: “That angel also pointed-out to me a stream, its water sparkled like crystal. The water of that stream gives life. Its headwaters appear from the Seat sat-on by God and the Lamb,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “I was also shown by the angel the water/river that gives life without end. This water is clear like glass and flows from the throne of God and the Sheep,” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “Then the angel showed me the water called the water which can give life, and that water was as clear as glass. And the water has its source at the seat of God which is also the seat of the young sheep.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “Then the angel showed me the river that is the source of water which gives life. This river, it glitters like crystal, and it comes from the throne of God and the Sheep” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Shown also to me by the angel was the flowing river which gives life. It’s really very clear like first-class mirror/glass. It springs at the seat of God and the one referred to as Young Sheep in their kingship.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Afterwards, the angel showed me again where God was seated and also the Lamb. There where they were seated there came forth a stream of good water, it gives new life. It shone like glass.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 22:2)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 22:2:

  • Uma: “and flow along the middle of the road of the village. On the banks of the stream on both sides grew tree(s) called tree(s) of life. Those trees / That tree fruited twelve times a year, each month it/they bore fruit. The leaves were used as medicine to heal people all over the world.” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “and it flows in the middle of the street of that city. On both sides of that water there is a tree, the tree that gives life. In one year this tree bears fruit twelve times, once every month. And the leaves of this tree cause the tribes of the earth to be well.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “The water flows in the middle of the street of that city, and on either shore of the water can be seen the trees which give life. As for that kind of tree, it has twelve kinds of fruit, and each month it bears a different kind, and the leaves are medicine which can cure the people of the kingdoms of the earth.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “flowing-down in the middle of the street of the town. On both-sides of the river, there are trees which give life. They bear-fruit twelve-times yearly once monthly. Their leaves also, they are used-for-medicine by the collective-people in the collective-towns/countries so that they don’t get sick.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “And where it flows is in the center of the big street of that city. Sprouting/growing on both banks is the tree which also gives life. Each month those trees bear-fruit, that’s why twelve times a year they have new fruit. And as for their leaves, they cause people to be well so that no-one is ill.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Concerning the big street of the city, down the center of that street was the path of the water. On each side of the water stood trees which give new life. Twelve times a year they bear fruit. Because each month they have fruit. Concerning their leaves, they are what heal here on earth.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)

complete verse (Revelation 22:3)

Following are a number of back-translations of Revelation 22:3:

  • Uma: “In that village there was nothing that was cursed. The Seat(s) of God and the Lamb were in that village. And his servants/slaves worship him,” (Source: Uma Back Translation)
  • Yakan: “There is nothing found in that city that is hated (lit. wrathed) by God. There is the throne of God and of the Sheep and there are his servants praising him.” (Source: Yakan Back Translation)
  • Western Bukidnon Manobo: “And in that city there is nothing which God has cursed. And there is the seat of God which is the seat of the young sheep, and God is worshipped by His servants.” (Source: Western Bukidnon Manobo Back Translation)
  • Kankanaey: “There will not again be any of the punishments that God told-about long ago. The thrones of God and the Sheep, they are in that city, and those who serve God, they will praise/worship him.” (Source: Kankanaey Back Translation)
  • Tagbanwa: “Really nothing/no-one will be found there who has been cursed by God. Because that’s the place of the seat of God and of the one referred to as Young Sheep in their kingship. And what all God’s people do is, they serve him.” (Source: Tagbanwa Back Translation)
  • Tenango Otomi: “Never will there be any evil which needs to be punished there. For there in the city is the chair of God and the Lamb. There the people of God worship him.” (Source: Tenango Otomi Back Translation)