Then may be “At that time” or “When that happens.”

Deliver … up (Good News Translation “arrested and handed over”) translates the same verb rendered “arrested” in 4.12; see comment there.

The they does not refer to anyone in particular, but this construction is simply a way of saying that this will all happen to the disciples but without specifying who will do it. Good News Translation uses a passive construction (“you will be arrested and handed over to be punished and be put to death”), but in many languages this will not be natural at all, and translators will instead say something like “your enemies (or, people) will arrest you and hand you over to those who will punish you and kill you” or “the authorities will arrest you and make you suffer. They will put you to death.”

To tribulation (New English Bible “for punishment”) is restructured as a verb phrase by Good News Translation: (“to be punished”) and New Jerusalem Bible (“to be tortured”).

You … you … you may be understood in a distributive sense: “they will torture some of you, they will put some of you to death, and others of you will be hated….” But the meaning may also be “they will torture you and then put you to death. You will be hated….”

You will be hated by all nations may be transformed into an active construction: “the entire world will hate you” (Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch) and “All mankind will hate you” (Good News Translation).

For my name’s sake is somewhat improved in Good News Translation: (“because of me”), though others come closer to expressing the meaning more clearly: “for your allegiance to me” (New English Bible), “because of your connection with me” (Barclay), and “because you acknowledge me” (Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch). One may also translate “because you are my followers.”

Quoted with permission from Newman, Barclay M. and Stine, Philip C. A Handbook on the Gospel of Matthew. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1988. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .