For the LORD is enraged against all the nations, and furious against all their host: The Hebrew particle ki rendered For introduces why the prophet wants the foreign nations to listen to him. In these two parallel lines he warns them that Yahweh is angry with all of them. The Hebrew expression rendered all their host can refer broadly to the large numbers of people living in these nations (so Revised English Bible and New Jerusalem Bible with “all their hordes”), or it can point specifically to their armies (so Good News Translation and New International Version with “all their armies”).
He has doomed them, has given them over for slaughter: These two parallel clauses express the result of God’s anger. He has decided to have someone destroy the nations. The Hebrew verb rendered doomed comes from a root that Revised Standard Version sometimes translates “utterly destroy[ed]” (see, for example, 11.15; Josh 2.10; 6.21). It refers to something that is given to Yahweh as a sacrifice by destroying it completely. Yahweh’s enemies were often treated in this way. He has doomed them means Yahweh has decided to destroy the nations completely as a sacrifice. New International Version expresses it clearly with “He will totally destroy them.” New Jerusalem Bible says “He has vowed them to destruction” (similarly Good News Translation).
Has given them over for slaughter does not specify who will slaughter the nations. For languages that need to spell out the agent here, see the third example below.
Translation examples for this verse are:
• For Yahweh is angry with all the nations,
his burning anger is against all their armies;
he has determined they must be destroyed,
and has handed them over for slaughter.
• Because Yahweh’s anger is against all the nations,
his fury is against all their masses of people;
he has condemned them to destruction,
he has determined that death will be their fate.
• For Yahweh is very angry with all the nations,
and his fury is against all their armies;
he has decided that they all must die,
and has handed them over to others [or, to those] who will slaughter them.
Quoted with permission from Ogden, Graham S. and Sterk, Jan. A Handbook on Isaiah. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2011. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .