But: the majority of modern versions translate the common Hebrew conjunction in this way in order to show the contrast between the woman’s refusal and Saul’s insistence that she could do what he wanted without fear of punishment.

Swore to her by the LORD: one version of the Septuagint omits the words by the LORD, and this is followed by Revised English Bible, Anchor Bible, and Klein. The problem is not treated in Hebrew Old Testament Text Project, and it is probably better to retain the doubtful words.

As the LORD lives: see the comments on this oath in 14.39.

No punishment shall come upon you: the noun rendered punishment may mean “sin,” “guilt,” or “punishment.” Anchor Bible says “no guilt will fall upon you.” Klein says “no iniquity will come upon you.” The meaning seems to be that the woman will not be considered guilty, with the implication that she therefore will not be punished. New Jewish Publication Society’s Tanakh may provide a helpful model: “you won’t get into trouble over this.”

For this thing: that is, “for doing this” (Good News Translation) or “for doing what I ask you to do.”

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 1. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .