And he wrote for all the Jews means Darius wrote on behalf of the Jews; the letters were not sent to the Jews.

Who were going up from his kingdom to Judea: The Jews did not climb mountains, but crossed flat country, some of it desert (see the comments on 1 Esd 2.5). Most translators may say simply “who were traveling across his kingdom to Judah.”

In the interest of their freedom means the royal officials were not allowed to interfere with the freedom of the Jews.

That no officer or satrap or governor or treasurer should forcibly enter their doors: Ordinarily the royal officials would have the authority to force their way into anyone’s home. Darius forbids his officials from invading Jewish homes. The officials in view here are the ones in the immediate area of Judah, those mentioned in the previous verse. For satrap and governor, see 1 Esd 3.1-2; for treasurer see 1 Esd 2.11-12. Here the translator may reduce officer or satrap or governor or treasurer to a single general term such as “official,” although giving several official titles may add emphasis to the orders.

An alternative model for this verse is:

• In these letters he instructed all officers, satraps, governors and treasurers not to interfere with the freedom of the Jews who were returning to Judah. They could not forcibly enter their houses.

Quoted with permission from Bullard, Roger A. and Hatton, Howard A. A Handbook on 1-2 Esdras. (UBS Helps for Translators). Miami: UBS, 2019. For this and other handbooks for translators see here.