1:5

to whom be glory forever and ever: In this clause, the word glory refers to the “greatness” or “magnificence” of God. Here Paul stated a fact: God is always glorious, great, or magnificent. He always has glory/greatness. Paul was not praying that people recognize God’s glory.

In Greek, there is no verb here, so English versions supply one. In some languages, it will also be necessary to supply a verb here. For example:

God has greatness forever.
-or-
God is always great!

In some languages, the word glory is expressed by the figurative use of a particular word. For example:

God always has heaviness.
-or-
Bigness is/belongs to God forever.

to whom: The pronoun whom refers to God.

forever and ever: This phrase emphasizes the idea of forever. Some other ways to say this are:

without end
-or-
endlessly

Amen: The word Amen means “let it be so.” Many languages transliterate this word.

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