ideophones in Psalm 20:8

Psalm 20:8 is translated into Gbaya like this:

Kɔ-wa nɛ́ hɔ̧fa̧-a̧ tik nù samgbaŋ,
ɓɛɛ k’ɛɛ nɛ́ yora-a keŋ.

which back-translates to

“Of them it s tumbling fall ground samgbaŋ
but of us it’s standing keŋ.”

Philip Noss (in The Bible Translator 1976, p. 100ff. ) explains: “A descriptive device common to Gbaya oral literature that is often found in translations of the Psalms is the ideophone. The ideophone may be identified with onomatopoeia and other sound words frequently seen in French and English comic strips, but in Gbaya and other African languages it comprises a class of words with a very wide range of meaning and usage. They may function verbally, substantively, or in a modifying role similar to adverbs and adjectives. They describe anything that may be experienced: action, sound, color, quality, smell, or emotion. In oral literature they are used not only with great frequency but also with great creativity.

Conforming to Gbaya literary style, the team used ideophones in its translation of the Psalms, although an average of less than two per psalm is a considerably lower rate of occurrence than in Gbaya narrative. There were two reasons for this limited usage. The first was that the Psalms are poetry rather than action narrative where their occurrence would be more common. The second was that in a tale being performed for artistic reasons, the ideophone may predominate over the action, whereas in the psalm the ideophone must complement without dominating or overshadowing the message. However, since the ideophone is an integral part of Gbaya literary expression, it could not be omitted. To do so would have rendered the translation colorless and unliterary.

In [this] verse with its contrastive parallelism, the ideophones clarify and heighten the opposition. Samgbaŋ depicts people falling in unison helplessly: Keŋindicates something solid and immovable.”

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