Translation commentary on Mark 9:31

Exegesis:

For the whole verse see 8.31.

edidasken gar ‘for he was teaching’: this clause should receive the necessary emphasis as explaining the reason why Jesus did not want anyone to know of his trip through Galilee.

Most of the words in this verse have already been dealt with: for ho huios tou anthrōpou ‘the Son of man’ cf. 2.10; apokteinō ‘kill’ cf. 3.4; meta treis hēmeras ‘after three days’ cf. 8.31; anistēmi ‘rise’ cf. 1.35; 8.31.

paradidotai eis cheiras anthrōpōn ‘he is delivered into the hands of men’: with most commentators it is reasonable to presume that the present tense of the verb in this instance has a future force, ‘will be delivered into the hands of men’ (see Lagrange, however, for arguments against this position, and cf. Translator’s New Testament ‘is being delivered’).

paradidōmi (cf. 1.14) ‘hand over,’ ‘deliver,’ ‘arrest.’

eis cheiras anthrōpōn (cf. 14.41) ‘into the hands of men,’ i.e. ‘into the power of men’ who are to be regarded as hostile.

Translation:

Was teaching … saying may be translated as a single verb expression in introducing indirect or direct discourse, e.g. ‘he was teaching … that the Son of man…’ or as two verbs, often in paratactic arrangement, e.g. ‘he was teaching his disciples; he was saying, The Son of man….’ The choice between a single or double verb expression must depend upon the requirements of the receptor language.

For Son of man see 2.10, and for other syntactic problems refer to 8.31. Translations should consistently reflect whatever degree of parallelism there is in the original texts – making sure to translate in the same way what is the same in Greek and at the same time not to force conformity in the translation, where the original is not identical.

Into the hands of men is an idiom standing for men’s power or control. In some languages hands become ‘arms,’ ‘power,’ ‘control,’ or ‘beneath,’ e.g. ‘he will be put beneath men,’ in the sense of under their power.

Quoted with permission from Bratcher, Robert G. and Nida, Eugene A. A Handbook on the Gospel of Mark. (UBS Handbook Series). New York: UBS, 1961. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .

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