And: the relationship between David’s realization and the previous verses may be made clearer by using something like Good News Translation‘s “And so” or “Then” (Anchor Bible, New Revised Standard Version). It was as a result of the treatment he received from King Hiram as an equal that he realized more fully what the LORD had done.

Perceived: or “became aware.” In some languages the verb “saw” will be the most natural one to use in this context, but it should not give the impression of physical, literal sight. Others may prefer to use the verb “knew.”

On the word established see the comments at 1 Sam 20.31; 24.20.

Exalted: some other ways of giving this idea are “caused to flourish” or “made successful.”

For the sake of his people: the possessive pronoun his may refer either to God or to David, but the meaning is almost certainly God’s people. In this context it may be best to translate “Israel, his own people.” Nova Tradução na Linguagem de Hoje renders this phrase “for love of his people.” Die Bibel im heutigen Deutsch says “The LORD did this because he loved his people Israel.”

Quoted with permission from Omanson, Roger L. and Ellington, John E. A Handbook on the First and Second Books of Samuel, Volume 2. (UBS Helps for Translators). New York: UBS, 2001. For this and other handbooks for translators see here .